Ứng dụng Subject Guides trong hoạt động thư viện thông tin

LTNG DUNG SUBJECT GUIDES 
TRONG HOAT DONG THU* VIEN THONG TIN 
ThS. Nguyin Thj Lan 
Khoa Thu vien - Thdng tin hpc, Oai hpe KHXH&NV Tp. HCM 
Tdm t i c 
Cdng nghi thdng tin ph^ trien da tpo dieu lain tiiuSn lpi ctio deep quan thw viin - tiidng tin tixmg 
viic tao rade san ph&n tiidng tin d dit lut^ va dip dtig nhu cau ngay dng da d^ig dia ngudi dung 
tin. Subject gukies (danh mpc t i i IKU ttieo diu de) H mpt trong nhQng cdng cy dupc ntiOu thu viin d Viit 
Nam vi tiin thSgkSlsd dpng b^ nhutig tiai kh(3ia no. Bii wet tiinh t)iy lOiOhg Idtii niim, dSc O^, vai 
trd vi mdt sd cdng nghi f^tiiin hiin nay dupc sddung di tao l^ subject giMdeslrorig cic d quan thw 
viin - tiidng tin. 
Td kitoi: Subject gukies, thu vign, lihg dyng. 
Absbact: 
Devekipment of information technotogy has created favor^jle conditions fyr ^jrary and Information 
/rBttuHons ki creating quality Information products wtUd meet ttie increasingly Averse needs of thdr 
users. Subject gukies Is one of tiie tools used by many lltjranes in Viet Nam and around ttie world ttianks 
to its utilities. The artide presents ttie concepts, charadenstics, roles and some today's popular tednoto-
^es used to buikl subject gukies In ttie library and information institutions. 
Key Subjed guides, Itbianes, applk3tion. 
1. Bl^t vffn d% 
Sy tiiing no eua edng nghg ttiong tin v i truydn 
ttifing trong giai doan h i ^ nay da tao dElu kien 
thuin ldi cho cic cd quan thy vien - thfing tin trong 
vige tigp egn dgn ngudi dung tin (NOT) v i quing 
b i eic sin pham, djch vy thU vien - ttiong tin. 
Ngu nhy trudc d iy cic ttiU vign thudng sy dyng 
eic td rdi, pa no, ap phieh de tmyen thong diep 
den NDT, thi ngiy nay eic ttiU vien cd the t in 
dyng cie kenh thfing tin hien dai de thay the cic 
c id i thdc da thyt hign trong qua khy. 
Bgn cgnh dd, hi§n nay cac ngufin thfing tin 
dang ngiy eing gia t ing nhanh chdng, vi vgy cie 
thy vign cd the khai thic toi da cie nguon thfing 
bn niy de chpn k;>e v i l im da dgng, phong phii 
nguon t i i nguygn thfing tin aia minh. Tuy nhien, 
vige phat tiien aia cie nguon thfing tin mang Igi 
nhieu thuin ldi dio NDT trong vige b'm kiem va sd 
dyng thfing tin hffu kh, nhuhg cung l i mpt thich 
thut doi vdi NDT th i& ky ning trong vige tim 
kiSn v i danh gia thfing tin. Do dd, sU biing bfi 
eua cie cfing ey web 2.0 mien phi da tgo ra nhigu 
cd hfii cho cac thd vign trong viee tgo ra eic 
nguon ttifing bn higu qu i , bet kigm dddc chi phi 
thyt hien v i (Tmh hudng dio NOT den cie nguon 
t i i nguyen thfing tin hiiU ich. 
Hdn niia, dfii vdi mpt nude dang phat trien 
nhy nude ta, dneu kien hoat dfing hign tg) oia cic 
ttiu v i ^ vin cdn rat khd khin, die bigt l i ve kinh 
phi dau tu eho cie hoat dfing aia thU vign. Do 
dfi, dg khic phyc nhOhg hgn die aia NDT thieu 
ky ning v i ning eao hieu qua hoat dfing cua minh, 
thy vign gid vai trd quan trpng trong viec tim 
kigm, thu thip va tn ddc dc ngufin thfing tin 
[^u hdp d ip dng nhu a u ngiy eang da dgng ciia 
NDT. Vi the, viec uhg dung subjert guides trong 
hoat dfing thy vien - ttifing bn trong giai doan 
T?p chi THir VlfNyillNAJ 1(63) 33 
hien nay la rat can thiet 
Subjed gukJes t i cfing cu dudc sd dyng pho 
bien hign nay d nhieu od quan thy vien - ttiong tin 
ygn ttie gidi v i mot so thy vign Vigt Nam. Viec 
tgn dung eac cfing nghe phat tiien de tao lap cae 
thdng tin ttieo tiihg diu de khic nhau nhim dap 
ling tfit hdn cho NDT la mfit xu ttig tat yeu v i mang 
Igi nhKeu ldi ich eho ttid vign. 
2. Khii quit ve subject guides 
Tnwg nhuhg nim gan diy ttiuat ngff subjed 
gukJes dudc sd d^ffig nhieu titxig hoat dong ttiU 
vign - ttiong tin d Vigt Nam. Tuy nhien, tten the gidi 
ttiugt ngff subjed gukJes dude de cgp vao nim 
1973 nhy l i "mpt togt b in do chi dan dgn nguon 
t i i nguyen aia thU vien; nd l i mpt dinh vj thfing 
tin de NOT tim kiem cae t i i ligu dudc lUti bi? ttieo 
mpt ehu de m i hp quan t im" [8]. 
Npi dung subject guktes vio nim 1973 khic 
vdi subjed guktes ngay nay. Thugt ngff ban (fiu chi 
bao him y n0iB 6 cac chi dan (pathfinders) va hdn 30 
nim sau, cic ttid vign den khip Hoa Ky sd dung 
m ^ kiat cic ttiugt ngff de mfi ta eic toai subjed 
gukies nhy: subject guides, research gukies (danh 
mye t i i ligu nghign cdu), research toots (ofing ey 
nghien aiU), pattifindere (ehi dan), etectionie library 
gukies or e-gutdes (danh mye ttiU vign d i ^ tiJ" 
hoic danh mye tai ligu dien tif), web- lographies 
(danh mye tiang web), Internet resouce coliedkxis 
(bp sud t ip nguon t i i nguygn Internet), resounze lists 
(danh sich ngufin ta nguyen), hoic subjed portals 
(cong ttifing tin ttieo chu de) [8]. Muc dinh chinh 
oia danh mye nay la nhim cung cap mpt diem ktidi 
dau cho vige nghien aiU cua NDT. Cie sinh vign 
va giing vign trong mdi trudng dai hoc thddng 
thyt hign vige tim kiem cic nguon thfing tin, tai 
ligu phye vu cho viec nghign a id eua hp. Vi vgy, 
mot so thy vign etio ring eac danh mue nhu la 
mdt diem khdi dau etio vige bi t dau nghign oiU 
cua hp [8]. Sd di ndi subjed guktes t i mpt diem 
khdl dau dio vigc tim kiem cac tai lieu nghien cud 
vi cic subjed guides se phin chia cac ttifing bn 
ttieo timg ehii de khac nhau v i trong tiihg chu de 
s@ t^p hdp tat ca cac nguon t i i nguyen thong tin 
« chii de dd, ty t i i ligu in an, den ngufin tai ligu 
sfi, a( sd dff lieu (CSOL), cac trang web.. Cic 
nguon tai nguyen se dudc tfch hdp theo timg chu 
de va NDT ed ttie tim kiem ttiong tin qua dc lien 
k a d i dude tap hdP de md rpng khi ning tim ki&n 
tai Itgu phii hdp. Do do, ttieo tac gia Nedelina 
Tehangatova va Amanda Feigley [8], sut)ject guides 
trd giiip eho vige nghiai cdd dong mpt nginh cy 
ttie ho^c ve mpt ehii de cy ttie. Chung ding cung 
cip nhuhg thfing tin hiid fch giiip cho vigc tim 
kiem va su" dyng ttifing tin trong eac hinh thirt ey 
ttie, ching hgn nhd cac bing sing d ig ho$c lu$n 
v in , lugn an... 
Cd tiie tiiay ring, subjed guktes la danh sich 
eic nguon tai nguygn thong tin dudc tao ra Wfi 
ngUdi lam ttiU vien de ho tid NDT vdi nhu c^u 
nghign oiU aia hp. Oanh sach cac nguSn tai nguy&i 
ttifing tin cd the bao gom nhieu ehu dS nhuhg 
khong gidi han d sadi, bio, tgp ehi, CSOL, cic dang 
web, cung nhU b i t ky chu de khic ma ngudi lim 
thU vign cim thay se ho dd dUpe cho wgc nghign 
a id cua NDT [6]. 
Trong khi dd, Oieo Buffy J. Hamifton, subjert 
guides la mpt t i p hdP cac nguon lyc dUdc thiet kg 
giijp NOT nghign a id va khim pha day dii ve mgt 
chil de [3]. 
Tic g i i Tim Wales [10] eho ring, subjed 
guides la hg thong hoi eae kien thdc lien quan den 
VI tri va vtec tmy xuat thfing tin theo mpt t^ii dS 
nhat dinh hoic bp sud tap cic tiiwig tin lign nginh 
de cung cap cho NDT. Theo fing, day la ky thuit 
duy nhat dg hudng dan eho NDT tnfc tuyen buy 
eSp td eic sieu lign ket den eac tai lieu hUdng din 
khic nim d nhffng ncfl khic nhau dgn cic trang 
w/eb cua tfi chdc hoic trgn tidig bang web rigng 
cLia thy vign, do dd cd the riit ngin khoing cich 
gtOa NDT v i thy vien. 
Nhy vay, cd ttie hiaj subjed guides la mpt 
danh sich cac ngufin tat nguyen thfing tin dudc 
tC) chye va sip xgp theo cac chu de khic nhau. 
Nguon t i i nguyen ttiong tin nay rat da dang v i 
khfing gidi hgn d bat ky ngufin nao bao gfim: 
sach, bao, tap ehf dign td, t i i l i ^ sfi, CSOL, dang 
web, bp sUu t i p ttiong tin trgn Internet, tgn cic 
khoa hpc, R5S feeds, tai ligu giing dgy, cic cfing 
cu dinh g i i , tat lieu hudng d in , tigu ehuSn tipc 
tap, cie eupc phdng van hay thfing tin phin lifil 
34 
t d giao vi&i, sinh vign... 
Hit so d^ diem o ia sutgect guides 
- De dang tao Ipp, dp nhat vi duy tri: Subjed 
guktes la odng cu dUde sd dung de cung cap ttiong 
tin theo tuTig ehu de d&i NDT ma ngycfi tgo Igp 
ktiong can phii tfin nhieu thdi gian v i cong sdt 
trong viec th i3 lap, bdi vi ngudi tgo subjed guktes 
sd dung cac mau cd sin, giong nhU tgo mpt trang 
bkig mdi. vdi moi subjed gukies, ngUdi tgo Igp ed 
ttig d l ding thiet Igp eae bang thwig tin khic 
nhau. Moi bang thfing tin ed the tfch bc^ cic npi 
dung ktiie nhau td t i i ligu in, CSDL, b i i bao, tap 
chi den cic trang w ^ , tai lieu sfi hay cac nguon 
thdng tin tham khio tryc tuyai. Cac subjed gukies 
thudng cd mpt bo cyc thong nhat ngn vige thiS: 
Igp rat d l ding v i khfing gidi hgn ve so lUdng cic 
npi dung thong tin hay cic lign ket dUdc dSng tai. 
Do dd, ngudi lam thd vign dudc yeu (3u phii theo 
mgt khufin mau de tgo sy ntiat quan giiia cic 
subjed guictes. Moi subjed guides cho phep dua 
npi dung d nhigu dtnh dang khac nhau nhd vin 
ban, Hnh anh, am thanh, eic lien k ^ tfch hpp nhieu 
img dyng nhU RSS, video, audio, chat, binh luin, 
mgng xa hoi... [8]. 
Ngoai ra, eic subjed guides ed bo eye gifing 
nhau ngn vigc cap nhgt hoic sao chgp cac subjed 
guides mdi 6U0c thUe hign mfit cich de ding va 
khfing ton nhigu thdi gian, cfing sdc aia ngydi 
tgol§p. 
- De quan ly: &jbjed guides dudc hiu t\&. cac 
thU vifn b'ch hdp len bang web aia cd quan minh, 
bdi vi day l i cfing cy ctl sd dung va d l quin ly. 
Subjed gukies cho phep phin quyen eho nh©u 
ngudi l im thd vien trong viee tao ra cic danh 
mye t i i ligu va dua ten trang web bat ed luc nao, 
eung nhy quin ly ti'nh nhat quan cua cic subjed 
gukies. Bgn a n h dd, subjed guides eung l i cfing 
cy hl^u qui trong viec xem xet eae so lieu thong 
kg ludt truy c$p vao timg ndi dung khac nhau [1], 
- Unh ddng, de tim kiem, sinh ddng, ddn giin 
do NDT: Subject guides l i cfing cy ddn giin, de 
sd dyng v i thin thi$n v&\ NDT thong qua cac 
ngufin thfing tin vg tai ligu dudc thiet lap theo 
tirhg chu de ktiae nhau, nguon ttiong tin da dang; 
giao dien quen thupc vcfi NDT va ed eae ho trd 
khac nhau nhd chat d y t tiep vdfi ngudi l im ttiy 
vien; gui email hoic phin hoi tnic tigp ttieo tirtig 
npi dung oia subject gukies. Cac thfing tin phin 
hoi nay se giup xay dyhg moi quan he chit che, 
gan gOi giiia NOT va ngudi lam ttiU vign; tiep 
nhan y kien phin hoi tif phia NDT de ei i ttgn v i 
phit trien eae subjed gukies ngiy cang da dgng, 
phong phli va dap dng nhu cau cua NDT [8]. Bgn 
canh dd, cae subjed gukies dudc thiS ke ttieo cac 
mau dcfti gi in, ngudi lam thU vien ed the dieu diinh 
v i dien cac hinh inh phii hdp dio tiJhg chti dg 
cy ttie. 
Hinh 1. Subjed guides aia ThU wen B Dorado 
¥m.fk:.k3Srios.edu/~}knener/ 
3. Vai tro cua subject guides 
Hign nay nhieu ed quan thd vtgn - thfing tin 
trgn thg gidi va mpt so thd vien Viet Nam da sd 
dyng subjed gukies nhy l i mpt cfing cy higu qua 
de dip lihg nhu cau ngay cing da dgng ciia NDT. 
Subjed gukies dUdc sy dyng pho bien hien nay 
la ddi nhiihg g i i bi ciia no nhy: 
- Tpp tidp dc ngudn thdng tin theo du de: 
Subjed guides giiip ngUdi l im thu vign cd the tao 
l ip v i sip xep cie nguon thdng tin da dang theo 
tiihg chu de ktiie nhau. Moi ehu de se bao gom eic 
thfing tin dude lign kS v i tfch hdp trong subjed 
guides. Cac nguon tai lieu da dang nhU cac ngufin 
bn trgn Internet, video dip, hinh anh, CSDL, danh 
mye eic bang w^ . . . Oo do, dieu niy se gtup cho 
NDT cd the tim hieu cie nguon ttiong tin theo 
tiihg diu de m ^ each nhanh chdng, tiet kigm thdi 
gian v i edng syc trong viec tim kiem tit lieu. 
- Hudng dan d&i dc ngudn thdng tin hifu ich: 
Nhan vien tao l ip subjed guides la ngUdi am hieu 
cae nguon thfing tin va chpn Ipc eac nguon thfing 
1(63) 35 
tin cd gta di , od chat ludng de dip img nhu c3u 
cua NDT. Vi vgy, NDT ehi can tim den cac ehu dS 
minh cd nhu cau de truy cap den cac nguon 
ttifing tin mfit eieh hiiU ich. 
- Truy dp khdng gidi han: Cac subjed guides 
da ddpe eic cd quan thd vien - ttifing tin tfch hdp 
tren bang web aia minh v i ed sin trong mot 
tnidng tn/c tuyen, do do NDT ed the tiny cgp mpt 
luc, mpi ndi ma khfing can phai den trut tiep tai 
thy vign. Day la b'nh hffu fch eua cfing ey niy 
trong glal dogn hien nay vi phii tidp vdi xu hudng 
phat bign cua cfing nghe thfing tin va thoi man 
nhu cau aia NDT. 
- Quing ba: Subjed guktes l i cdng cy quang 
ba hffu hieu i ^ ngufin t i i nguygn thfing tin oia 
cic cd quan thu vign - ttifing tin, bdi vi day l i odng 
ey tap hop day dti cac nguon ttiong bn mpt eieh 
da dgng ve nhieu chu de ktiac nhau. Thfing qua 
vigc truy cap vio cae subjed guides, NDT cd ttig 
nim dude eic nguon thfing tin ve timg ehii de m i 
ht$n nay mfit cd quan dang cd, cung nhd chit 
ludng eiia dc ngufin thfing tin niy. Ooi vdi nhuhg 
ngudi it kht hoic khdng bao gtd ghg tiiim eic tiang 
web thU v i ^ , v i ^ ding cae lien ket dg hudng 
dan, djnh hudng eho NDT trgn cic bang web la 
mpt hinh thiit quan trpng de tiep can c^ng dong. 
Bdi vi, hau hgt NOT ttiudng khong lign h§ hoic 
truy c§p vio trang web eua tat c i cic trudng dai 
hoc, hp ehi ddn giin la tim thay eac t i l nguy§n 
ttiong qua mpt cfing cy tim kiem tien Internet [6]. 
Vi viy, cie cd quan ttiy vien - thdng tin ed ttie tign 
hinh quang b i cac subjed guides thfing qua cac 
buoi gidi t h i ^ , hddng d in sd dung thy vien, sd 
dyng email hoic mang x i hot... de cung cap thfing 
tin dgn NDT. 
4. Mpt sg cdng nghg d y ^ sur dyng de t^o 
l$p subject guides trong hoat dpng t h y vign 
-thdng t in 
Khi sy dyng eac cfing nghg mdi v i khac nhau 
vao vigc tao lap cie subjed guides, dfii hdi h/ duy 
sing tao aia ngudi lam ttiu vien dg cd ttie lua 
chpn cac cfing nghg nay mfit each hieu qua va 
buy idl. Vigc lya dipn cic cong nghg phii hdp vdi 
die diem va dieu kien cua ttiy vien se giup cho 
viec ttiiet ke cac sutJjed guides tiet kigm ttidi gian, 
cfing sut v i vi§c duy c§p aia NOT dU0c d l ding 
va ttiu§n tign hdn. Sau day l i mot sd eong nghe 
cd the sd dyng dg tgo lap subjed guides: 
Wikis 
Wikis l i mgt uhg dung cho phgp ngudi l im 
thu vien cd the thgm hogc xoi ngi dung trong 
mpt mfii trudng ning dgng, l i ndi m i cic ehuygn 
gia ed ttig hdp t ic , ket hdP kien thut v i chia sg d 
bgt cd ncA nio [8]. Nen t ing wikis phfi bign (nhu 
Mediawiki, Seedwikl, Twiki, Pbwiki...) da dudc sd 
dyng bdi nhlSu ttid vifn dg tao nguon thfing tin 
trong ngi bg va dang nhanh didng lan ri)ng, bd 
thinh djch vy cua thd vign. Wikis ed le l i lya chpn 
tfit nhat cho sy h (^ t i e giiia ngudi lam thU v i ^ , 
giang vien v i sinh vten, du ttiy vign da cfi nhiihg 
dfii tudng cpng t ie d cic mdt dg khic nhau [5]. 
Mic dii, viee ddng gdp eua NDT trong vigc tgo 
l ip cie subjed guides tren wikis se giup cho ngudi 
l im thy vi§n tigt ki$m thdi gian va cfing sdc trong 
v i ^ tgo l|p. Tuy nhign, cac mye thfing tin trgn 
wikis ed thg thieu tfnh thfing nhgt khi chiing dudc 
hoin thinh bdi mpt logt cac c i nhin. Dg subjed 
guides l i mpt ngufin cung d p cie thdng tin ed uy 
tin, cic c i nhan tham gta vio vi§e tgo v i ehinh 
sua cic ngi dung dn dudc cie ehuygn gia trong 
eic ITnh vyc, ngUdi tim thu vl§n ehuygn d§, hoic 
c i nhin cd higu biet ve cic finh vyc khic nhau 
bign t i p v i xem xgt Igl. Do dd, eic subjert guides 
dupe tgo l ip bing cfing cy wikis se dfil hdi mgt 
mye dp bio tri v i an ninh nhit djnh dg dim bio 
dfi chinh xic [4]. 
Social Bookmaridng (Dinh diu xi h^i) 
Social Bookmarking l i djch vy dinh d iu trang 
cfing dfing giitp ngudi dung Internet lud tiii", quan 
ly v i tim kiem nhffng tiifing tin ti^n Internet higu 
qua hdn dya trgn cfing ey hinh duygt web v i tii 
khoi [2]. 
LTng dyng dinh dau xa hoi l i mgt tfnh ning cd 
thg dUde dua vao de tgo lap subjert guides. Dinh 
d iu x i hgt cho phgp NDT giff mfit thy mye "ygu 
ttifch" v i nd ed sin d bSt cd diu. Neu NDT sd dyng 
eac dinh dau trang hay tinh ning ygu thfch thfing 
ttiudng ti^n miy b'nh, eic trang web m i hp dinh 
dau chi ghi lai hoic dinh d iu ttgn miy b'nh dd. 
36 
Vdi dinh d iu xa hgi, cie trang vieb m i NDT dinh 
dSu s€ ed sin d bat cd ncfi d iu CO Internet Ngoii 
ra, mpt k^ ieh nua eua dinh dSu xa hgi l i NDT cd 
the xem cac dinh dSu aia ngdcfi Wiac [8]. 
Mgt so trang web Social B<x)kniarldng dude sd 
dyng de t ^ Igp sutijed gukies nhy delkious.oom, 
slashdotorg, digg.com, teciinorati.a)m, redditcom, 
cxmnotea-org, spuri.net, diigo.com... [2]. 
Databases (Cd sd dC liiu) 
CSOL la mpt he ttiong cac thfing tin cfi cSu 
true, dude lud trff t r ln eic thiet bj lUd dff nhim 
tiioa min ygu cau khai ttiie thfing tin dfing ttidi 
aia nhieu NDT hay nhieu dtiUdng trinh uhg dung 
chgy cimg mpt luc vdi nhuhg mye dfch khic nhau 
[7]. 
Ngydi l im thu vign se la ngydi trinh bay mpt 
phudng phip cho NDT de ttiao tac va ttiia ke npi 
dung thfing bn cua rigng hp. Og tim thay nhiihg 
thfing tin minh c3n, NDT ed the lya chpn cie ygu 
to a n tnjy c$p v i sau dd cic CSDL se ehi trinh 
biy eic nguon lut dap lihg eae yeu tfi do NOT xic 
djnh [8]. Ching hgn, CSDL Source Rnder aia 
Virginia Milftary Institute's Preston Library l i mgt 
vf dy minh hog cho trudng hpp nay: 
I P K E S T O N lIBIIARV 
SOURCEFINDER 
Hinh 2. Virginia MlHtary InstiOOe's Preston Ubrary 
Vigc sy dyng hg thfing CSDL nay s€ khic phye 
dype nhuhg khuygt digm aia cich lud trff dUdi 
dgng hg thfing t^p tin, dd la [7]: 
- Giim trung l ip thfing tin d mut thap nhat, 
d im bio b'nh nhit quin v i toin vgn dff ligu. 
- Dam b io dff ligu dudc duy xui t ttieo nhieu 
each khic nhau, td nhieu ngdcfi khic nhau v i 
nhieu lihg dyng ktiie ntiau. 
- Ting kti i ning chia se thong tin. 
Server Side Indudes (SSI) 
Mot cich ft ton kem de od dudc cic b'nh ning 
gifing CSOL nhy l i thfing qua v l ^ sy dung cae 
miy ehu (SSI). Lcfi fch oia SSI l i vige ehinh siia 
ehi a n dudc thyt hiai d mpt ncfl cd miy ehu v i 
cd the cgp nhat dio tSt ca cac nguon thfing tin 
dudc xuat hien trgn bang web. Bing cich sd 
dung SSI, ngudi l im thd vien od thg chgn mgt file 
HfTML ho$c tap tin v in b in v io mpt vj tr i x ic (^nh 
tren trang web aia minh. SSI ft tfin kgm hdn so 
vdi vigc tgo ra mgt CSDL, nhuhg nd v ln ed the 
eung cap mot sfi b'nh ning tudng ty nhU CSDL. 
Nhu vgy, cd the tiiay ring thy vien cd the sd 
dung cie eong nghg khic nhau trong v l ^ tgo Igp 
subjed gukies. Tuy nhign, mi l cfing nghg cd nhuhg 
Ud, nhudc diem ktiie nhau trong vigc tgo l ip cie 
subjert guktes. DUifi d iy la bang so sinh nhihig 
thu^n Idl v i khd khin moi cfing nghg [8,9] (Bing 
trang 32;. 
Ngoai cac cfing nghg dudc kg tign, hi^n nay mpt 
so eong nghg ma nguon md mien phi m i nhieu thy 
v i ^ da lya chpn dio viec tao l ip cae subjed guides 
theo djnh hudng eua CSDL nhy MyLibrary (http:// 
Bbguides.fcrary.nd.edu/), SutqedsPkis ( 
subjec tspius.eom/), LibOata ( 
forge .net/), hay t*rary Course BuiUer (htlps://souroe-
liDrge.net/projects/llbcb/)... [5]. 
Hinh 3. Subjed guides tpi Thu vien Tmng tim 
Dpi hpc Qudc gia ttiinh pho H5 Chi Minh 
Tap chi THl/ Vlf N V I I T NAM 1(63) 37 
Danh sidi cac cong nghe dt f^ sd dung de tao l^p subject guides 
Congcy 
Wikis 
Sodai 
Bookmarking 
Databases 
Server Side 
Indudes (SSI) 
Thugn1^ 
- Kha ning hpp tac. 
- Tiet ktem ttidi gian va cfing 
sdc ctio ngudi lam thU wen 
ngu nhieu ngudi tham gia. 
- De dang tao lap v i sddung. 
- De dang de to chdt cac the 
(tags) va quan ly ngudi tgo. 
- i ^ dang sir dung, tao lap v i 
duy tri. 
- Cd the dua vao tiang w ^ 
b'nh oia NDT doi vd! mot bfi 
tri va thiet ke tuy bien. 
- De ding va Widng ton kem 
chi phi de duy tri. 
- NDT dupc tuy chinh subject 
guides chi vdi nhung gi hp 
yeu cau. 
- De dang de duy tri (sua doi 
duoc thut hign chi d mot vi 
hi nhit dinh). 
- HOU fch cho phan buy xuat 
thong tin giong nhau tren 
nhieu hudng dan khac hoic 
cac trang web. 
Kho khin 
- Khd khin de ttiu hut mp 
ngudi tham gia. 
- Ygu cau cao ve bio dudng 
de ttieo doi sua doi v i be 
sung thong bn ciia tat ca 
NDT. 
- Ktiong ed vrai td vuhg tieu 
ehuan cho cac the 
- HOu ich nhat eho nguon tat 
nguyen web mac dii NDT cd 
the lien k^ va gin the ghi thU 
muc hoic nguon t i i nguyen 
- Ton thdi gian v i cdng siit 
de thyt hten. 
- Yeu cau kiSn thiic ve xay 
dung CSDL v i to chdc dg Cao 
lip va thyt hien. 
- Yeu cau mpt miy chit de 
bit dau. 
- Yeu c3u ve kien thu'c va sd 
dung HTML. 
Vidy 
Ttie UmversOy of British 
CcMumbia 
S_Subjert_Guides 
University of Exetor 
librariesandcollertions/lawli-
brary/ 
Virginia Military Institute's 
the SourceFinder 
finder/ 
University of Maryland's 
Patents Guide 
ittp ://www. lib. umd .edu/guid 
es/patents 
Tgt Viet Nam, mpt so thy vign Viet Nam da b i t 
d iu dng dyng subjert gukies trong viee tao lap va 
cung cap thfing tin eho NDT nhU: ThU vign Trung 
tam - Dgi hpe Qufic gia thanh phfi Hfi Chi Minh, 
Trung t im Hoc lieu - Dgi hoc CSn ThcJ, Trung tam 
Thfing tin Hoe lieu - Dal hpe D i Ning, Trung tam 
Hpc lieu - Ogi hpc Thit Nguygn, Trung tam Thfing 
tin - Thu vign, Dat hpc Quoe gia Hi Npi.. 
Kgt lu$n 
Cd thg thay hien nay nhieu thy vien d Viet 
Nam da bi t dau sd dung eic c»ng ngh^ cd sin 
de ho dd cho viec tao lap danh mye eac nguon 
tai nguyen ttifing bn theo ehii die. 6 day cd nhieu 
cfing nghg khic nhau m i eic thu vign ed ttie sd 
dung de ttiiet ke subjert gukies. Tuy nhign, moi 
cfing nghg ed nhiihg ud, nhuOe diem rigng va ddi 
hdi ngudi lam ttiy vien khi sy dyng phat xic dinh 
duyc nhu ciu, khi ning cua cae nhdm NOT, die 
diem v i dieu ktgn ciia thU vign. Do vay, subjed 
guides se phat huy higu qu i nhat neu dip img ca 
2 yeu eau: 
- De dang dg tgo lap, cgp nhit v i duy di cho 
ngudi l im thy vign. 
- Llnh dfing, d l tim kigin, sinh dfing, ddn gian 
cho NDT. 
Subjed guides da thay dgi, phit trign v i tao 
dieu kien cho thy vten ke ty khi xuft hign. Tuy 
nhign, subjert guides se ed higu qua hdn ngu thU 
vign cd khi ning thay doi v i eai ttilen hdn nua 
khi tiep tyc khim ptia cac khi ning h i tid aia cie 
cfing nghe mdi, die biet cie dng dung vdi subjert 
guides. Dieu quan tipng thy vign cin l i tigp h^ c 
khim pha, ci i tign v i vuijl qua nhuhg thich thiit 
phii dfil m i t trong qua binh dhg dyng cic cfing 
nghe mdi de tao lap subjert guides. 
38 
TAI U^U T>1AM KHAO 
1. Nguyin Thj Kim Tri. Phat tn&i Thdng tin & 
lieu ttieo dii de (UbGuide) phuc vuhpctSpva nghien 
cdu tai Trung tam Hoc lieu trudng Dai tipc Can Tha. 
 ire.udn.vn/bantin9/index.php/ 
chuyende/49-phat-trin-thong-tin-tai-liu-theo-ch-
libguide-ptK-v-hc-tp-va-nghien-cu-ti-trung-tam-hc-
liu-bng-i-hc-cn-th-. Tmy cap ngay 5/4/2016. 
2. Pham Tan Cu'dng. Visaodc web can Sodal 
Bookmarking''  
com/social-media/vi-sao-cac-web-can-social-
bookmariang.html. Truy cap ngay 5/4/2016. 
3. BufFy J. HamiitDn. Creating Subjed Guides 
for ttie 2ia Century Ubrary.  
net/buffyjhamilton/ereabng-subjert-guides-for-the-
21st-cenbjry-library-by-buffy-hamtlton-september-
2011. Tnjy cap ngay 20/3/2016. 
4. Chad Athens. Using a wiki as a research 
guide: a year's experience.  
v'ikls/using-a-wiki-as-a-research-guide-a-years-
expenence. Truy cap ngay 5/4/2016. 
5. Edward M. Corrado and Kathryn A. 
Frederick. Free and Open Source Options for 
Creating Database-Dnven Subjed Guides. Http:// 
joumal.code4lib.org/artides/47. Truy cgp ngay 29/3/ 
2016. 
6. Fichter D. Subjed gukies. 
cess.org/Subiect_Guides. Truy cap ngay 20/3/2016. 
7. MomizatTeam. Tim hieu ai sd dif lieu li gi' 
vi hi quin tn CSDL MYSQL. 
hleu-co-so-du-lieu-la-gi-va-he-quan-tii-csdl-mysql-
168.hbnl. Truy cap ngiy 5/4/2016. 
8. Nedelina Tchangalova and Amanda 
Feigley. Subject Guides: Putting a New Spin on an 
Old Concept.  
org/content/v09n03/tchangalova_n01.html. Truy 
c§p ngiy 20/3/2016. 
9. The University of british Columbia.  
ubc.ca/Ubf3ry:HSS_Subjert_6uides. Tnjy cip ngay 
30/3/2016. 
10. Tim Wales. Ubrary subject guides: a con-
tent management case study at ttie Open University, 
UKII Program. - 2005. - Vol. 39 Iss 2. - P.112-121. 
(Ngay toa soan ntiin bai: 7/4/2016; Ngiy ptiin 
bien danh gia: 23/11/2016; Ngay dip nhan dSng: 
29/11/2016) 
THirc TRANG VA GIAI PHAP ... 
Ti^ ttieo trang 32 
dieu dd ddi hdi ptiii cd su no lyc td hal phia: 
Cfing t ie giing dgy ty eae ddn vj d io tgo v i y 
thut hpe t ip , nghien edu cua sinh vign, hpe vien. 
TAI U$U THAM KHAO 
1. Ngo Chi Thong. Mot sd giai phap nang cao 
hiiu qui cdng tic giing dpy tpi trudng Hii quan Viet 
Nam.  
hbni. 
2. Nguyen Minh Higp. Mdt chuttng trinh dio 
tpo nganh Tluf wen • Thdng tin vua dip dng nhu cSu 
vUa lam ttiay doi nhu du xM hpi II Tgp chi Dat hpc 
Sat Gdn. - 2009. - So 1. 
3. Nguyin Thj Mai Hoa. Vai tro, thwc tiang vi 
giai phap nang cao diat lupng dng tic giing day 
dc mdn ly luan dinh tn d Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ndi 
II Ban bn Dai hoc Quoc gta Hi Noi. - 2007. - S6 192. 
4. Nguyen Thj My Hgnh. Thpt trpng giio dpc 
dio tao dai hpc Viet Nam.  
content/view/291/161/. 
(Ngiy toa soan nhan bii: 14/9/2016; Ngay phin 
biin dinh gii: 23/11/2016; Ngay chap nhan ding: 
29/11/2016) 
T?p chi THI/ V I | N Vltr NA- 1(63) 39