Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh - Phần 3: Ôn tập về mạo từ

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I. Tóm tắt bài giảng 
 Khái quát lại cách dùng a/ an/ the 
1. Mạo từ không xác định a/an dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít. 
 Lưu ý: Dùng a hay an là theo phiên âm. Ví dụ: an hour, an heir, an SOS, an MP 
2. Các trường hợp dùng a/ an hay gặp: 
 A lot of ( Dùng với cả danh từ đếm được và không đếm được) = Lots of 
 A great deal of: Dùng với danh từ không đếm được 
 A couple of. Ví dụ: a couple of times, a couple of things 
 A dozen. Ví dụ: a dozen people 
 A/one + hundred/ thousand + Danh từ số nhiều. Ví dụ: The book has a/ one hundred pages. 
Lưu ý: Ta dùng a, one, two,hundred/ thousand (không có „s‟ ở cuối hundred/ thousand). 
Ta dùng „Hundreds/ thousands+ of‟ khi không có số hoặc các từ chỉ lượng đứng trước. Ví 
dụ: 
Four hundred people are expected to attend. 
This vase is worth several hundred dollars. 
There were thousands of people there. 
 A half (Ví dụ: an hour and a half ); 1/3: a third; 1/5: a fifth 
3. Dùng the với danh từ đã được xác định. ( Danh từ đó có thể được xác định bởi cụm giới từ, bởi 
mệnh đề quan hệ đứng sau bổ nghĩa cho, hoặc khi người nói và người nghe ngầm hiểu vật 
được nhắc đến là gì) 
Lưu ý: 
 „The‟ + first, second, only, last + Danh từ. 
 In 1990 (Không có „the‟) nhưng In the 1990s: Vào những năm 90 (có „the‟) 
 The + danh từ đếm được số ít: để chỉ loài. Ví dụ: the whale = loài cá voi. Tuy nhiên loài 
người thì ta không dùng the man. Ví dụ: What do you know about the origins of man? 
(not „the man‟). 
 Dùng „The + adj‟ để chỉ người 
Ví dụ: The young have the future in their hands. 
ÔN TẬP VỀ MẠO TỪ 
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 The French are famous for their food. 
4. Các trường hợp dùng và không dùng „the‟ 
Dùng ‘the’ Không dùng ‘the’ 
Dùng „the‟ với tên đại dương (ocean), biển 
(sea), sông (river), kênh đào (canal), sa mạc 
(desert): The Red Sea, the Atlantic (Ocean), 
the Amazon (river), the Sahara (Desert) 
Không dùng „the‟ khi tên núi, hồ đứng sau: 
Lake Ba Be, Mountain Everest, 
Dùng „the‟ với các tên số nhiều của người, 
địa điểm: 
o The Rocky Mountains/ the Rockies, 
the Andes, the Alps 
o Nhóm các đảo: the Canary Islands/ 
the Canaries 
o Tên nước: The United States, the 
Philippines, the Netherlands 
o Tên người: The Smiths (= the Smith 
family) 
Dùng „the‟ với các vật chỉ có duy nhất: The 
Sun, the Moon, the Earth, 
Không dùng „the‟ với tên các ngôi sao: Mars, 
Venus, 
The University of Ohio, Foreign Trade University, 
The first World War, 
The sixth gate, 
The second chapter, 
Không dùng „the‟ trước danh từ + số. Ví dụ: 
Gate 6, Chapter II, Room 126, size 43, World 
War I, 
- Dùng „the‟ trong các tên quốc gia có 
Republic, Kingdom, States, Union: The 
United States, the United Kingdom, the 
Soviet Union, the Czech Republic 
- Không dùng „the‟ với tên thành phố, đường. 
Ví dụ: I live in Phan Dinh Phung street in Ha 
Noi. 
- Không dùng „the‟ với hầu hết các tên quốc 
gia. Ví dụ: Vietnam, Singapore.. 
Play the guitar, play the violin (The + tên 
nhạc cụ) 
I love Jazz,.( Không dùng „the‟ với tên các 
dòng nhạc). 
I hate chemistry, (Không dùng „the‟ với tên 
các môn học) 
 On Christmas 
Không dùng „the‟ khi khái quát hóa về các 
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danh từ trừu tượng: Happiness, freedom 
II. Tài liệu đọc thêm 
1. Ta dùng: the + danh từ đếm được số ít để nói về loại động vật, máy mócVí dụ: 
The bicycle is an excellent means of transport. 
When was the telephone invented? 
The giraffe is the tallest of all animals. 
The dollar is the currency of the United States. 
2. Mạo từ thường không dùng với tên các bữa ăn: breakfast, lunch 
We had lunch in a very nice restaurant. 
Nhưng ta dùng „a‟ nếu có tính từ trước tên bữa ăn: We had a very nice lunch. 
3. Ta nói: (go to) the cinema, the theatre. Khi ta nói the cinema, the theatre, không nhất thiết là 
đang đề cập đến một rạp chiếu phim hoặc nhà hát cụ thể nào đó. 
I go to the cinema a lot, but I haven‟t been to the theatre for ages. 
III. Bài về nhà 
 PHẦN 1: ARTICLES: A, AN, THE OR Ø (nothing) 
Exercise 1. Put "an", "a", "the" or Ø (nothing): 
1. My birthday is _____ Sunday afternoon. 
2. It doesn't often snow here at _____ Christmas. We haven't had _____ White Christmas for many 
years. 
3. _____ Thanksgiving is in _____ November. The Church of England dates from _____ year 1534. 
4. A: I like driving at ____ night. The roads are quite. 
 B: Oh, I don't like driving in ____ dark. I'd rather travel during___ day. 
5. A: Are you doing anything at _____ weekend? 
 B: I don't think so. Well, come over on _____ Sunday. 
6. __ meals we had weren't very good. We had___ breakfast in the hotel and that wasn't too bad. 
We usually went out for _____ lunch because _____ lunch they served in the hotel was always the 
same _____ dinner we had in our first evening, so we tried a few restaurants. On our last evening 
we had _____ marvelous dinner in a Chinese restaurant, but that was an exception. 
7. Rita plays _____ violin and her sister plays _____ guitar. 
8. On our trip to _____ Spain, we crossed _____ Atlantic Ocean. 
9. David attended _____ Princeton University. 
10. _____ Florida State University is smaller than _____ University of Florida 
11. _____ chair that you are sitting in is broken. 
12. _____ Civil War was fought in _____ United States between 1861 and 1865. 
13. _____ big books on _____ table are for my history class. 
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Exercise 2. Write a or an in the space: 
1. _____ unreasonable decision 6. _____ X- ray 11. _____ elephant 
2. _____ universal problem 7. _____ UFO. 12. _____ hospital 
3. _____ unit of work. 8. _____ T shirt 13. _____ BBC programme 
4. _____ eucalyptus tree 9. _____ happy girl 14. _____ UNESCO worker 
5. _____ honorable man. 10. _____ H-bomb 
Exercise 3. Put in a, an or some or leave a space: 
1. Have you got _____ camera? 2. Would you like to be _____ actor. 
3. Bill's got _____ big feet. 4. Do you collect _____ stamps? 
5. Tom always gives Ann _____ flowers on her birthday. 
6. Those are _____ really nice trousers. Where did you get them? 
7. What _____ beautiful garden! 8. What _____ lovely children! 
9. _____ birds, for example the penguin, cannot fly. 
10. Jack has got _____ very long legs, so he's _____ fast runner. 
11. You need _____ visa to visit _____ foreign countries, but not all of them . 
12. I'm going shopping. I'm going to get _____ new clothes. 
13. Jane is _____ teacher. Her parents were _____ teachers too. 
14. When we reached the city centre, _____ shops were still open but most of them were already 
closed. 
15. Do you enjoy going to _____ concerts? 
16. When I was _____ child, I used to be very shy. 
Exercise 4. Put suitable articles into blanks: 
1. John is _____ teacher. He's teaching in _____ school in London. 
Every morning, he gets up at 7 o'clock, has _____ breakfast and _____ cup of _____ coffee. Then he 
goes to work by bus. He has _____ lunch at _____ restaurant (near _____ school). In the afternoon he 
works until 5 or 5.30 and then goes _____ home. He doesn't work on _____ Saturday or Sunday. He 
goes to _____ cinema or theatre. John has _____ sister in Oxford and _____ brother in _____ London. 
2. There are millions of stars in _____ space. 
3. I'm going away at _____ end of this month. 
4. The sun is _____ star. 
5. What did you have for _____ breakfast? 
6. Have you got _____ car? 
7. How much are those potatoes? 1.20 _____ kilo. 
8. Can you think _____ rich should pay more taxes to help _____ poor? 
Exercise 5. Put suitable articles into blanks: 
1. He is _____ honest person. 
2. My father went out to _____ sea when he was 14. 
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3. When do you hope to go to _____ university? 
4. There's a strike at _____ hospital. 
5. He is_____ one-eyed man. 
6. There's _____ onion left in the fridge. 
7. This is_____ useful method of learning English. 
8. I've got _____ uncle. 
9. Your shoes are under_____ bed. 
10. There's a splendid view of_____ Lake Geneva from his hotel. 
Exercise 6. Choose the correct answer: 
1. The British Prime Minister live in Downing Street / the Downing Street. 
2. One of the nicest parks in London is St. James's Park/the St. James's Park, which is very near 
Buckingham Palace / the Buckingham Palace. 
3. Frank is a student at Liverpool University / the Liverpool University. 
4. Mr. Jenkins reads Daily Telegraph / the Daily Telegraph but his wife reads Times / the Times. 
5. We flew from London to Orly Airport / the Orly Airport in Paris. 
6. Mary and Peter got married in St. Matthew's Church / the Matthew's Church. 
7. Some children hate school / the school. 
8. After leaving school / the school, Nora worked as a cleaner in hospital / at the hospital 
9. All over the world, people are in prison / the prison because of their political beliefs. 
10. The other day the fire-brigade had to go to prison / the prison to put out a fire. 
11. On the way to London we passed through a small village with an old church. We stopped to visit 
church / the church. It was a beautiful building. 
12. John's mother is a regular churchgoer. She goes to church/the church every Sunday. John himself 
doesn't go to church / the church. 
13. Apples / the apples are good for you. 
14. Women / the women are often better teachers then men/the men. 
15. In Britain coffee / the coffee is more expensive than tea/the tea. 
16. Most people/the most people still believe that marriage/the marriage and family life / the family 
life are the basic of our society. 
17. Life / the life would be very difficult without electricity / the electricity. 
18. Skiing / the skiing is my favourite sport but I also like swimming / the swimming. 
19. Second World War / the Second World Ward ended in 1945. 
20. Don't stay in that hotel. Beds / the beds are very uncomfortable. 
Exercise 7. Put suitable articles into blanks if necessary: 
1. After _____ lunch, we went for _____ wall by _____ sea. 
2. Don't sit on _______ ground. It's wet. 
3. On _______ Sunday my father stay in _______ bed till ten o'clock reading _______ Sunday paper. 
4. He's got _____ job in ______ South and spent ______ next two years doing ______ work he really 
enjoyed. 
5. My mother goes to _____ church in _____ morning and in ______ afternoon goes to visit _______ 
friends. 
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6. ____ postman's little boy says that he'd rather be _____ dentist than _____ doctor because _____ 
dentists don't get called out at ______ night. 
7. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine _____ newspaper is in my bag, but I 
don't know where ______ magazine is. 
8. My parents have ____ cat and____ dog.____ dog never bites ____ cat, but____ cat often 
scratched____ dog. 
9. We live in ___ old house in ___ middle of town. There is ___ garden behind ___ house.___ roof of 
___ house is in bad condition. 
 PHẦN 2: MANY/ MUCH/ A FEW/ FEW/ LITTLE/ A LITTLE 
 Exercise 1. Put into the blanks with many or much 
1. How _______ people are there in this room? 2. 
There is _______ sugar in the box. 
3. How _______ meat does your mother need? 
4. How _______ glasses of orange juice do you want? 5. 
There are _______ school boys in our class. 
6. How _______ bacon does Susan have? 
Exercise 2. Complete these sentences with little/ a little/few/a few. 1. 
We didn't have any money but Tom had ______. 
2. He doesn't speak much English. Only ______ words. 3. 
Nora's father died ______ years ago. 
4. "Would you like some more cakes?" "Yes, please, but only ______. 
5. This town isn't very well-known and there isn't much to see, so ______ tourist come here. 6. 
I don't think Jill would be a good teacher. She's got ______ patience with children. 
7. This is not the first time the car has broken down. It has happened ______ times before. 8. 
The cinema was almost empty. There were very ______ people there. 
9. There is a shortage of water because there has been very ______ rain recently. 
Exercise 3. Chose a word or words form the box to complete the sentences. Some are 
used more than one. 
Too much a few any How many too many Enough as much as 
How much some too many as many as a little 
1. "_______ cigarettes do you smoke a day?" 
"Forty". 
"That's _________. You shouldn't smoke ________ at all. 2. 
“ _________ alcohol do you drink?" 
"About a bottle of wine a day". 
"That's ________. You shouldn't drink _________ that". 3. 
“_________ do you weigh?". 
"Sixteen and a half stone". 
"That's ________. You should try to lose _________ weight". 
4. “_________ do you earn?". 
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"Not ________ money to pay all my bills!". 5. 
"__________ people are there in your class?". 
"Forty". 
"I think that's _________.” 
6. “_________aspirins do you take when you have a headache?". 
"About ten or twelve". 
"That's ________. You mustn't take __________ that". 7. 
"How old are you?". 
"Seventeen. I'm old _______ to get married, but I'm not old ______ to vote!". 8. 
"When did you last go to the cinema?". 
"Quite recently. Just _______ days ago." 9. 
"Do you take sugar in your coffee?". 
“Just ________”. 
Exercise 4. Fill into gaps a indefinite quantifier: much, many, little, most, a little, a few, few. 
1. It seems to me that we've had _______ assignments in English 2. 
How _______ material can we be expected to read in one week? 3. 
_______ books are not in the library. 
4. I've had _______ headaches already because of stress. 
5. _________ depression can be attributed to being overworked. 
6. Our yard looks awful this summer. There are too _______ weeds. 
7. I didn't use __________ fertilizer last spring, and that has made a difference. 8. 
Also, I've paid _______ attention to how ________ rain we've had. 
9. I'm afraid it's rained ________ times this summer, and the grass is turning brown and 
dying. 
10. _______ experts say you should fertilize your lawn in the fall. 
11. It didn't seem to do my lawn _______ good. 
12. _______ advice you get from experts doesn't seem to help 
13. _______ of my neighbors ignore their grass, and they have better lawns this year. 
14. They say _______ knowledge is a bad thing. 
15. I know _______ instances where that proves true. 
16. _______ people know as much about computers as Tomas does. 
17. But it does him _______ good when the whole system goes down. 
Exercise 5. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences. 1. 
How _______ people are coming? 
(a) lots (b) much (c) a lot (d) many 2. 
There have been _______ crimes since the police new task force was created 
(a) any (b) every (c) much (d) fewer 3. I 
have _______ questions for you. Do you have a minute to discuss them with me? 
(a) several (b) every (c) each (d) none 
4. I go to the gym _________ day. I like my weekly routine and exercise makes me happy. (a) 
many (b) some (c) every (d) lots of 
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5. ______ of the dogs are nice. We're training the ones that are not friendly. 
(a) A lot (b) Much (c) Every (d) Numerous 6. 
_______ of the kids at school are mean to me. What should I do? 
(a) Much (b) Every (c) Some (d) Any 7. 
I water the plants ________ other day. I think I'm watering them too much. 
(a) much (b) all (c) every (d) lots of 8. 
I bought a toy for _______ of you. 
(a) each (b) every (c) much (d) any 9. 
I like ______ of the cars. I don't know which one to choose. 
(a) every (b) much (c) numerous (d) both 
10. _______ complaints have been made about the noise level at this house. Please turn the 
music down. I'm going to give you a warning for now. 
(a) Every (b) Each (c) Much (d) Numerous 
Exercise 6. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences. 
1. "______ of you will graduate in June, but others will not. This is a competitive course, so 
good luck," the engineering professor said. 
(a) Much (b) Every (c) Some (d) Any 2. 
There is too ______ traffic in this city. I want to move to the country. 
(a) many (b) few (c) much (d) a lot 
3. There is _______ of noise coming from the house next door. Can you go over there and 
ask them to keep it down? It's almost midnight. 
(a) much (b) many (c) fewer (d) a lot 
4. You have to get a second job because we need ______ money to make ends meet. 
(a) many (b) much (c) more (d) a lot 5. 
I only have a _______ orchids. However, I want to buy more in the future. 
(a) some (b) few (c) fewer (d) lesser 6. 
Do you have _______ money to pay for your car insurance? 
(a) a lot (b) fewer (c) enough (d) little 
7. I need to get ______ gas. My tank is almost empty. I'm going to fill up at the gas station on 
the corner. 
(a) some (b) any (c) much (d) many 
8. We need _______ computers for the students in this classroom. There are 20 students in 
this class, but we only have 15 computers. 
(a) a little (b) much (c) a lot (d) more 
9. We should ride our bicycles to work more so that we can cut down on air pollution. There is 
too _______ pollution in this city. 
(a) many (b) few (c) much (d) some 
10. You have _______ of candles in your house. Why do you so many of them? 
(a) some (b) much (c) a lot (d) many 
Exercise 7. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences. 
1. I get _______ cavities these days because I started flossing my teeth at night. (a) 
much (b) fewer (c) any (d) a lot 
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2. Do you have _______ ideas you want to share with us about the new playground? (a) 
any (b) each (c) all (d) none 
3. There were 12 cookies here, but now, there aren't ______ left. Who took all of the cookies? (a) 
any (b) none (c) every (d) numerous 
4. I called you twice and, ________ time, I got the answering machine. 
(a) any (b) each (c) both (d) all 
5. _________ of you will be punished unless the culprit speaks up right now. Who put this 
graffiti on this wall? 
(a) All (b) Every (c) Numerous (d) Any 
6. I asked you the same question _______ times, but you didn't answer. Were you 
daydreaming or something? 
(a) several (b) each (c) all (d) any 
7. I don't have _______ sympathy for you because you knew that he was bad news. Why did 
you start dating him in the first place? 
(a) none (b) all (c) any (d) many 
8. _______ of the leaves on our trees in the backyard are turning brown. We have to water 
them soon. 
(a) All (b) Every (c) Any (d) Numerous 9. 
_________ people think that gardening is boring. I don't agree at all. 
(a) Any (b) Much (c) None (d) Some 10. 
You roll your eyes _______ time I ask you a question. What's wrong with you? 
(a) all (b) every (c) some (d) lots of 
11. I don't have _______ energy today. I'm so tired. I think I'm going to take a nap. 
(a) any (b) none (c) some (d) all 
KEY 
 PHẦN 1: ARTICLES: A, AN, THE OR Ø (nothing) 
Exercise 1: 
1. nothing 2. nothing, a 3. nothing, nothing 
4. nothing, nothing, the, the 5. the, nothing 
6. the, nothing, nothing, the, the, a 
7. the, the 8. nothing, the 9. nothing 10. nothing, the 
11. the 12. the, the 13. The, the 
Exercise 2: 
1. an 6. an 11. an 
2. a 7. a 12. a 
3. a 8. a 13. a 
4. a 9. a 14. a 
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5. an 10. an 
Exercise 3: 
l. a 
2. an 
3. nothing 
4. nothing 
5. some or nothing 
6. nothing 
7. a 
8. nothing 
9. some 
10. nothing, a 
11. a, some 
12. some 
13. a, nothing 
14. some 
15. nothing 
16. a 
Exercise 4: 
1. a, a, nothing, a, nothing, nothing, the, the, nothing, nothing, the, a, a, nothing. 
 2. nothing 3. the 4. a 5. nothing 6. a 7. a 8. the, the. 
Exercise 5: 
1. an 6. an 
2. nothing 7. a 
3. nothing 8. an 
4. the 9. the 
5. a 10. nothing 
Exercise 6: 
1. Downing street 2. St. Jame's Park, Buckingham Palace 3. Liverpool University 
4. The Daily Telegraph .... the Times 5. Orly Airport 6. St Matthew's Church 
7. school 8. school, at the hospital 9. prison 10. the prison 11. the church 12. 
church, church 13. apples 14. women, men 15. coffee, tea 
16. most people, marriage, family life 
17. life, electricity 18. skiing, swimming 19. the Second World War 20. the beds 
Exercise 7: 
1. nothing, a, the 2. the 3. nothing, nothing, the 4. a, the, the, the 
5. the, the, the, nothing 6. the, a, a, the, nothing 7. a, a, the, the, 8. a, a, the, the, the, the 
9. an, the, a, the, the, the. 
 PHẦN 2: MANY/ MUCH/ A FEW/ FEW/ LITTLE/ A LITTLE 
Exercise 1 
1. Many 
2. much 
3. much 
4. Many 
5. many 
6. much 
Exercise 2 
1. a little 
2. a few 
3. a few 
6. Little 
7. a few 
8. few 
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4. a little 
5. few 
9. little 
Exercise 3 
1. how many, too many, any 
2. how much, too much 
3. how much, too much 
4. how much, enough 
5. how many, enough 
6. how many, too many, as much as 
7. enough, enough 
8. a few 
9. a little 
 Exercise 4 
1. many 
2. much 
3. many 
4. many 
5. much 
6. many 
7. much 
8. little, much 
9. few 
10. Many 
11. much 
12. most 
13. many 
14. a little 
15. a few 
16. few 
17. little 
 Exercise 5 
1. d 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. a 
 6. c 7. c 8. a 9. d 10. d 
 Exercise 6 
1.c 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. b 
 6. c 7. a 8. d 9. c 10. c 
 Exercise 7 
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 
7. c 8. a 9. d 10. b 11. a