Hệ thống kiến thức ngữ pháp và cấu trúc Tiếng Anh - Giới từ

- Giới từ thường:
	+ Đi trước Danh từ: Chỉ Thời gian, nơi chốn.
	+ Đi sau Tính Từ.
	+ Đi sau Động Từ
	+ Đi sau một số Danh Từ
GIỚI TỪ ĐI TRƯỚC DANH TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN:
GIỚI TỪ
NGHĨA
TRƯỚC LOẠI DANH TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
VÍ DỤ
AT
LÚC / Ở
GIỜ
BUỔI
DỊP LỄ
CUỐI TUẦN
ĐẦU , CUỐI
TUỔI
at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm
at night/ noon/ midnight
at Christmas, at TET
at/ on weekends 
at first /at the beginning of / at last/ at the end of 
at the age of 18
IN
VÀO, TRONG
- THÁNG
- MÙA
- NĂM
- THẬP KỶ
- THẾ KỶ
- CÁC BUỔI TRONG NGÀY CÓ “THE”
in August, September, November.
in Spring, Winter, ...
in 1990
in 1990s
in the 21st cetury
in the morning
ON
VÀO NGÀY
NGÀY NÓI CHUNG
NGÀY TRONG THÁNG
THỨ TRONG TUẦN
On Christmas day
on August 12th 
on Sunday, on Sunday mornings
FOR
ĐƯỢC BAO LÂU
MỘT KHOẢNG TG (thường dùng với thì HTHT)
For 2 years / for six months
SINCE
TỪ KHI NÀO
MỘT MỐC TG (thường dùng với thì HTHT)
Since 1990
GIỚI TỪ ĐI TRƯỚC DANH TỪ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN: Cho ta biết sự việc diễn ra ở đâu.
GIỚI TỪ
NGHĨA
TRƯỚC LOẠI DANH TỪ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN
VÍ DỤ
AT
Ở TẠI ĐỊA ĐIỂM
- NHÀ, TRƯỜNG, CƠ QUAN
- NƠI NÀO ĐÓ ĐANG HOẠT ĐỘNG.
at home/ school/university/ work
at the CINEMA / at the airport / at the meeting (tại cuộc họp) / AT THE station
IN
Ở TRONG (1 người / vật nằm gọn trong 1 vật khác)
- phòng / phòng học
- Làng / xã / huyện / Tỉnh / thành Phố /miền / Quốc gia/ phương hướng/ Châu Lục/ Thế Giới
- Sách / báo / Truyện / tranh 
- mưa / nắng / các dạng thời tiết / thiên tai
in the living room / in the kitchen
in London / in Hanoi / in France / in the east / in Africa / in the world ..........
in the newspaper / in a book / in a story / in a picture
in the rain/ in the sun / ...
ON
Ở TRÊN (1 người/vật ở trên 1 vật khác có tiếp xúc, hoặc dính vào)
- bàn / Kệ / ghế/ lầu
- bức tường
- cơ thể người
on the table / on the 1st floor (trên lầu 1)
on the wall
on my head / on foot
MỘT SỐ THÀNH NGỮ GIỚI TỪ CẦN NHỚ KHÁC:
at once : lúc này
at sunset/ sunrise : lúc mặt trời lặn / mọc
at the moment : lúc này
at present : lúc này
at the same time : cùng 1 lúc
In time: kịp giờ.
In advance : trước (về tg)
In front of : ở trước(về vị trí)
in English/ German: bằng tiếng anh.
in love with: đang yêu	
in the end:( cuối cùng)	
in favour of : thích
On time : đúng giờ( chính xác) 
On holiday : đang đi nghỉ
On business : đang đi công tác
On fire : đang cháy
On a diet : đang ăn kiêng
On TV : trên truyền hình
on the whole : nhìn chung	
on the left/ right : bên trái / phải
By the time : trước khi
By chance : tình cờ
Learn by heart: học thuộc lòng
By taxi / train/ bicycle
for example/ instance: ví dụ như
for lunch/ ... : cho bữa trưa...
GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU TÍNH TỪ:
S	+	BE	+	ADJ + PREPOSITIONS
1. OF: 
- ashamed of: xấu hổ về
- afraid of: sợ, e ngại
- full of: đầy
- aware of: nhận thức
- capable of: có khả năng
- confident of :tin tưởng
- fond of: thích
2. TO: 
- accustomed to = be used to: quen với
- next to = close to : kế bên
- open to: mở
- pleasant to: hài lòng
- contrary to: trái lại, đối lập
- equal to: tương đương với, bằng
- rude to: thô lỗ, cộc cằn
- similar to: giống, tương tự
3. FOR: 
- sorry for: xin lỗi
- late for: trễ
- famous for: nổi tiếng
- necessary for: cần thiết
- ready for smt: sẵn sàng cho việc gì
- qualified for: có phẩm chất
- good for: tốt cho
- responsible for smt: chịu trách nhiệm về việc gì
4. AT: 
- good at: giỏi (về....)
- excellent at: xuất sắc về
- bad at: dở( về.....)
- clever at: khéo léo, thông minh về
- skilful at: khéo léo, có kỹ năng về
- quick at: nhanh
- amazed at: ngạc nhiên
- present at: hiện diện
- surprised at: ngạc nhiên
5. WITH: 
- busy with: bận 
- familiar with: quen thuộc
- crowded with: đông đúc
- angry with: giận dữ
- friendly with: thân mật
- bored with: chán
- fed up with: chán/ ngán ngẩm
6. ABOUT: 
- excited about: hào hứng
- happy about: vui, hạnh phúc
- sad about: buồn
- worried about: lo lắng
7. IN: 
- interested in: thích, quan tâm về....
- rich in: giàu về......
- successful in: thành công về....
8. FROM: 
- absent from: vắng mặt ( khỏi......)
- different from: khác
9. ON: - keen on: hăng hái về.....
Exercise 1 – Put in one of the following : AT, ON, IN, DURING, FOR, SINCE, BY, UNTIL.
1.	Jack has gone away. He’ll back ...... a week.
2.	We’re having a party ...... Saturday. Can you come ?
3.	I’ve got an inetrview next week. It’s ...... 9.30 ...... Tuesday morning.
4.	Sue isn’t usually here ...... weekends. Shoe goes away.
5.	The train service is very good. The trains are nearly always ...... time.
6.	It was a confusing situation. Many things were happening ...... the same time.
7.	I couldn’t decide whether or not to buy the sweater. ...... the end I decided to leave it.
8.	The road is budy all the time, even ...... night.
9.	I met a lot of nice people ...... my stay in New York.
10.	I saw Helen ...... Friday, but I haven’t seen her ...... then.
11.	Brian has been doing the same job ...... five years.
12. Lisa’s birthday is ...... the end of March. I’m not sure exactly which day it is.
13.	We have some friends staying with us ...... the moment. They’re staying ...... Firday.
14.	If you’re interested in applying for the job, your application must be received ...... Friday.
15.	I’m just going out. I won’t be long – I’ll be back ...... ten minutes.
Exercise 2 – Fill in each gap with a proper preposition
1. 	Alice is afraid  crossing the busy streets.
2. 	My sister was proud  her good marks on English. 
3. 	That singer has become very popular  the youth.
4. 	This sweater will keep you safe  the cold.
5. 	He feels confident  passing the examination.
6. 	Be confident  yourself if you want to succeed.
7. 	My parents are pleased  my result.
8. 	Are you amazed  seeing that scene ?
9. 	His words are contrary  his acts.
10. Hue is famous  its historical vestiges.
11. My mother is always busy  her housework.
12. He was absent  work yesterday because he was ill.
13. His job seems similar  yours, isn’t it ?
14. Are you excited  going on holiday next week ?
15. Please wait here. I’ll have some tickets available  you.
16. It’s very kind  you to help them.
17. Thank you. You are very kind  me.
18. The teacher is angry  your laziness.
19. I’m angry  you  not obeying me.
20. They were happy  the result of the election.
GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU ĐỘNG TỪ:
S + Verb + Preposition + 
A: Verb + preposition: (1) 	
Verb + preposition 
Meaning
Agree with sb about sth / on sth
Ñoàng yù vôùi ai veà 
Apologize to sb for doing sth
Xin loãi ai veà ñieàu gì
Appeal to sb
Môøi goïi ai
Apply for st
Apply to someone 
Noäp ñôn xin
Noäp ñôn cho ai
Approve of sb/ sth
uûng hoä
 Argue with sb about sth
Tranh luaän vôùi ai veà.
arrive in + Thaønh phoá, quoác gia
	arrive at + Nôi nhoû hôn (airport / station)
Ñeán: arrive in London / in Britain
arrive at school / the party / the hotel
Believe in sb / sth
Tin vaøo..
Combine with sth
Keát hôïp vôùi
Complain to sb about sth
Phaøn naøn vôùi ai veà..
concentrate on
Taäp trung vaøo
depend on
Tuøy thuoäc vaøo
 Die of 
cheát vì beänh 
die from
Cheát vì nguyeân nhaân khaùc
differ from
Khaùc bieät vôùi
Fight for = struggle for sb / sth
Fight = struggle against (illiteracy)
ñaáu tranh vì
đấu tranh chống cái xấu
 Glance at sb
lieác nhìn 
graduate from
Tốt nghiệp từ trường nào
hear from sb
coù tin töùc cuûa ai
infer from
suy ra từ
 Insist on sth
naøi næ, khaêng khaêng
introduce to sb
giới thiệu với ai
laugh at someone / smile at sb
Cöôøi nhaïo ..
leave for + Place 
leave + Place
Rôøi nôi ñang ôû ñeå ñi nôi mới
Rôøi khoûi nôi ñang ôû (không đñề cập nơi mới)
Listen to sb/ sth
nghe
Live on ( food/ money )
soáng baèng, nhôø vaøo
 Look after sb/ sth
chaêm soùc, troâng nom
 Look for sb/ sth 
tìm kieám
 Look forward to sb/ sth 
mong chôø
Participate in sth = take part in
Tham gia
point st at someone/
Chæ  vaøo../ chóa vaøo..
Prepare for
Chuaån bò
 refer to sb/ sth
Aùm chæ
rely on 
Tin caäy, nhôø caäy
 suffer from 
Khoå sôû, chòu
seek for/ search for / look for
Tìm kieám
speak to sb
speak up
Noùi chuyeän vôùi..
nói lớn hơn
spend on something
tieâu xaøi vaøo vieäc gì
talk about (of)
Baøn veà..
stand for
Töôïng tröng cho
stare at someone/ st
Nhìn chaèm vaøo
succeed in
Thaønh coâng
throw st at someone / st
choïi vaøo ..
wait for sb
Chôø ..
write to someone 
Vieát thö göûi..
C: Verb + Object + preposition (2)	
Verb + Object Preposition
Meaning
Accuse sb of sth
Caùo buoäc ai veà
Ask sb for sth
Hoûi ai xin..
Borrow sth from sb
Möôïntöø..
Congratulate sb on st/ doing sth
Chuùc möøng  veà..
Explain sth to sb
Giaûi thích.. cho..
Give sth to sb/ Give sb sth
Cho ñeán tay..
Invite sb to 
Môøi ..ñeán..
Prevent sb from doing sth
Ngaên caûn.. khoûi..
Protect sb from/ against 
Baûo veä .. khoûi..
Provide sb with sth
Cung caápveà..
regard / consider sb as
Xem ai nhö laø 
Remind sb about sth
Nhaéc nhôû ..veà
receive / get st from sb
Nhận từ
thank sb for st
Caùm ôn ai veà
Warn sb about/ against sth 
Caûnh baùo  veà
GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU DANH TỪ:
D. Noun + preposition
Answer to st, 	: câu trả lời cho 
Apology to sb	: lời xin lỗi
Reply to, solution to, : lời đáp/ giải pháp đối với 
Attitude towards sb/ sth	: thái độ đối với
Cause, example, picture, photograph of : nguyên nhân/ vì dụ / bức tranh / tấm hình của
Increase in, rise in / decrease in, fall in : sự gia tăng / sự suy giảm về
Difficulty in doing sth	: sự khó khăn về
Reason for sth	: lý do cho
Developments in	: sự phát triển về
effect on	: sự ảnh hưởng lên
Impression on sb	: sự ấn tượng đối với
Threat of	: sự đe dọa của
cure for	: phương thuốc dành cho
Exercise 3 – Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition if necessary.
1. 	You’re always asking me ...... money. Ask somebody else for a change.
2. 	I’ve applied ...... a job at the factory. I don’t know if I’ll get it.
3. 	If I want a job at the factory, who do I apply ......?
4. 	I’ve searched everywhere ...... John but I haven’t been able to find him.
5. 	I don’t want to talk ...... what happened last night. Let’s forget it.
6. 	I don’t want to discuss ... what happened last night. Let’s forget it.
7. 	We had an interesting discussion ...... the problem but we didn’t reach a decision.
8. 	Keith and Sonia are touring Europe. They’re in Rome at the moment, but tomorrow they leave ...... Venice.
9. 	The roof of the house is in very bad condition. I think we ought to do something ...... it.
10. We waited ...... him for half an hour but he never came.
Exercise 4 – Choose the best option.
1. 	He will come ...... Monday ...... the afternoon.
	A. in/on	B. on/in	C. at/in	D. up/to
2. 	We have stayed there ...... 2000.
A. since	B. for	C. with	D. under
3. 	Will he be there ...... one month?
A. out	B. with	C. for	D. near
4. 	What does he often do ...... his free time?
A. in	B. up	C. with	D. upto
5. 	I am sad ...... my daughter’s laziness.
A. from	B. at	C. for	D. about
6. The children are free ...... Sundays.
A. on	B. up	C. with	D. under
7. 	Việt is not interested ...... listening to music.
	A. with	B. under	C. in	D. up
8. 	Her profession is similar ...... his.
	A. in	B. up	C. with	D. to
9. 	Ms. Trang is fond ...... candy.
	A. under	B. off	C. of	D. in
10. Were you absent ...... the lecture yesterday?
	A. in	B. with	C. up	D. from
11. We must hurry if we do not want to be late ...... school.
	A. from	B. for	C. to	D. out
12. Will the raincoat keep you safe ...... the cold?
	A. to	B. up	C. with	D. from
13. ...... last you have to make a conclusion.
	A. in	B. up	C. from	D. at
14. Have you left your bicycle leaning ...... the tree?
	A. in	B. up	C. to	D. under
15. Do you have to live ...... Hanoi in autumn every year?
	A. in	B. up	C. with	D. under
16. They have lived in this city ...... twenty years of their life.
	A. at	B. during	C. since	D. for
17. I am walking ...... the river bank.
	A. within	B. without	C. along	D. in
18. For the last few days I haven’t been able to sleep ...... night.
	A. for	B. to	C. of	D. at
19. Are you acquainted ...... the lady?
	A. at	B. in	C. on	D. with
20. We will leave ...... Russia.
	A. for	B. to	C. of	D. at
21. It never snows here ...... Christmas. 
A. for	B. to	C. of	D. at
22. He always comes here ...... bicycle.
A. in	B. by	C. over	D. with
23. - A: “Can you lend me your notebook ...... Friday?” 
 	- B. “ Sorry, I can’t. I’ll have to finish my report ...... the end of the week”
A. on/at	B. on/in	C. in/at	D. in/in
24. We’ll have to hurry if we want to be ...... time for the show.
A. on	B.in	C. at 	D. for
25. Why are you so rude ...... your sisters ? Can’t you be nice ...... them ?
---------------------------------------------------------------
Most college football games are played ______ Saturdays.
	A. at 	B. in	C. with 	D. on
Leaves turn color _______ the autumn.
	A. for 	B. on	C. at 	D. in
3. My birthday is.. November 20th.
 a. in b. at c. during d. on
4. Her house is far..the school.
 a. on b. of c. from d. for
8. The leaves of these trees always drop..autumn.
 a. in b. during c. about d. on
9. In England people drive the left side of the road.
 a. in b. from c. to d. on
10. Tom’s grandfather died..1997the age of 79.
 a. in/in b. in/of c. in/at d. in/on
11. The result was quite different____what I expected.
with 	 b. at 	 	c. to 	 d. from
15. He is bored ____ doing the same job for too long.
at 	b. with 	c. of 	d. from
17. It happened____7:00 _____the evening.
a. in /at 	b. to / in 	c. at / to 	d. at/ in
18. My brother was very good_____physics.
with 	 	b. at 	c. in 	d. on
20. We might have a picnic . It depends _____the weather.
in 	b. at 	c. to 	d. on
_____ the whole, I enjoy the movie.
	A. On 	B. In	C. At	D. Up
She’ll come home ______ April.
	A. on 	B. in	C. at	D. for
Minh was born_____ Ho Chi Minh city.
	A. on	B. at	C. in	D. up
When we arrived _______ the station, the last train had just gone. 
	A. in 	B. at	C. for	D. from
Blue grass music is somewhat different ____ other types of country music
	A. to	B. from	C. with	D. upon
We are here to provide you _____ the best service possible.
	A. of 	B. with	C. to 	D. for 
Nowadays, most of young people are involved ______ learning English.
	A. of 	B. with 	C. along	D. in
Are you interested _____ learning English?
	A. of 	B. with	C. along	D. in
I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her ______ last year.
	A. for 	B. on	C. since	D. A and B
He is very successful _____ his job.
	A. for 	B. with 	C. in	D. of
When Mr. Pike was young, he was keen ______ playing football.
	A. of 	B. on	C. at	D. in 
Mary is the most beautiful girl _______ the three sisters. 
	A. in 	B. of	C. with 	D. on
I will be responsible ______ what I do.
 	A. with 	B. for 	C. from	D. on
You cannot do well two jobs _____ same time.
	A. in 	B. at	C. on	D. for
I’m not good _______ English. I think I should spend more time _______ it.
	A. in / at 	B. at / on	C. at / in	D. on / at
An apple stands _____ the New York State. 
	A. for 	B. on	C. up	D. at
Catherine became accustomed _____ spicy foods when she was traveling. 
	A. to 	B. on	C. for 	D. about
Washington state is famous ______ its apples.
	A. in 	B. for 	C. of	D. with
Were you aware ______ the regulations against smoking in this area?
	A. in 	B. with 	C. of	D. about
William insists ______ getting up early, even on weekends.
	A. on 	B. to	C. toward	D. for
Please come here _____ once.
	A. on 	B. in	C. at	D. for
Teacher, are we expected to learn all the new words ______ heart?
	A. in 	B. at 	C. by	D. to
She always takes good care _____ her children.
	A. for 	B. in	C. of 	D. with
All of us are fond _______ listening to music.
	A. in	B. about	C. of	D. with
 I'd rather go to the football field instead ________ being in class today.
	A. in	B. to	C. of	D. at
 Scientists are searching _______ some other kinds of energy.
	A. at	B. about	C. in	D. for
Motor vehicles account _______ 75% of air pollution in the major cities.
	A. of	B. in	C. on	D. for
She is always borrowing money _______ me.
	A. from	B. to	C. of	D. in
27. they wasted valuable time searching _____the car key.
in 	b. with 	c. for 	d. to
28. Tom succecced _____persuading his boss to buy a computer.
of 	b. in 	c. on 	 d. with
29. They are now in Paris , they will leave____London next week.
to 	b. of 	c. for 	d. on
30. Fred is looking forward to hearing____his brother.
a. to 	b. from 	c. in 	d. off
33. Many people regard him.one of the greatest pianist in the world.
A.as	B. with	C.at	D. about
34. Everyone will laugh her.
A from.	B.to	C. for	D. at 
36. Who takes carethe children when you are at work.?
A.at	B.to	C. for	D. of
I haven’t gone there _____ ages.
	A. with 	B. in	C. for	D. of
Most college football games are played ______ Saturdays.
	A. at 	B. in	C. with 	D. on
Leaves turn color _______ the autumn.
	A. for 	B. on	C. at 	D. in
Minh was born_____ Ho Chi Minh city.
	A. on	B. at	C. in	D. up
Mai graduated _______ the University of Education.
	A. from 	B. at	C. in	D. for
English is spoken in many countries all _____ the world.
	A. in 	B. over 	C. at 	D. from
_______ many areas of the world, wars have made lives more miserable.
	A. on 	B. from	C. in	D. at
When we arrived _______ the station, the last train had just gone. 
	A. in 	B. at	C. for	D. from
Approaching ______ the village, we saw the village common in the distance.
	A. at 	B. in	C. to	D. x
Fortunately, the company offered _____ me the job I had applied.
	A. to 	B. for	C. with	D. x
The pop singer has always received a large number of letter _____ her fans.
	A. of 	B. from	C. to	D. on
She was very surprised _____ the grade she received.
	A. on	B. of	C. at	D. about
I was disappointed ____the grade I received on my last essay. 
	A. for	B. about	C. to 	D. A and B
We are here to provide you _____ the best service possible.
	A. of 	B. with	C. to 	D. for 
Are you interested _____ learning English?
	A. of 	B. with	C. along	D. in
I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her ______ last year.
	A. for 	B. on	C. since	D. A and B
He is very successful _____ his job.
	A. for 	B. with 	C. in	D. of
We are sure that they are all in favour ______ the plan.
	A. to 	B. for	C. of	D. at
pollution has bad effect ______ our life.
	A. of 	B. to 	C. with	D. on
We all laughed _____ the cartoon.
	A. for	B. at	C. on	D. to
Police are searching _______ the man who escaped from prison.
	A. at 	B. in	C. for	D. by
Question 9: She must leave now ,so she is _______ a hurry. 
A. for	B. in	C. into	D. with
Question 8: Mary always takes great care.her children.
A. to	B. with	C. for	D. of
Question 48: She started school when she was six years old.
A. At the year of six, she started school.	B. At the time of six, she started school.
C. At the old of six, she started school.	D. At the age of six, she started school.
Question 17: My mother is responsible to the household chores in my family.
A	B	C	D
Question 27: My family consist 	 brothers and I. five people: my parents, my two younger
A. on	B. of	C. over	D. up
	10. I’m very _________ in the information you have given me.
A. concerned 	B. worried	C. interested	D. surprised
19. Many Vietnamese people are fond ________ watching football. 
A. in 	B. about 	C. of 	D. with