Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Tin học

BỘ CÔNG THƯƠNG
TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CÔNG NGHIỆP VÀ XÂY DỰNG
BÀI GIẢNG MÔN HỌC
TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH TIN HỌC
Dùng cho hệ Cao đẳng chuyên nghiệp
(Lưu hành nội bộ)
Người biên soạn: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
Người phản biện: Tô Thị Thu Vân
Uông Bí, năm 2011
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
- -1
CONTENTS
Unit 1:What is a computer? page 3
Unit 2: Characteristics page 8
Unit 3: Computers capabilities and limitations page 15
Unit 4: Hardware and software page 21
Unit 5:Microcomputers page 27
Unit 6: The central processing unit page 33
Unit 7: Primary and secondary memory page 38
Unit 8: Types of memory page 44
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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FOREWORDS
The following collection of texts is collected from various textbooks.
The texts are shortened, simplified and adapted to fit the skill level and interests
of the learners in addition to meet the demand of the society.
The collection, with five units, provides the learners with the technical
terms in informatics with the hope that they can read, understand and translate
simple technical textbooks, and magazines in English. As a result, learner can
communicate with their partners in the future jobs.
This collection is for students at the industry and construction of
college.
The author is always available to welcome any of your feedback,
suggestions, corrections or comment.
By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
- -3
Unit one. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
 A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic
circuits that operates switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The witches, like
the cores, are capable of being in one of two possible states, that is , on or off;
magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and
manipulating numbers , letters and characters. The basic idea of a computer is
that w can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn
certain switches on and turn others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize
the cores.
 The basic job of computer is the processing of information. For this
reason, computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the
form of instructions called a program and characters called data, perform
mathematical and /or logical operations. The program, or part of it, which tells
the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to
solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
 Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. However,
most computers, whether large or small have three basic capabilities. First,
computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition,
subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computers
have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed
information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use.
However, certain computers (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers)
are used to control directly things such as robots, aircraft navigation systems,
medical instruments, etc.
 Some of the most common methods of inputting information are
used punched cards, magnetic tape, disks, and terminals. The computer’s input
device (which might be a card reader, a tape drive or disk drive, depending on
the medium used in inputting information) readers the information into the
computer
For outputting information, two common devices used are a printer which
prints the new information on paper, or a CRT display screen which shows the
results on a TV- like screen.
 Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds
of decision which computer circuit can make are not of the type: “ Who would
wind a war between two countries?” or “ Who is the richest person in the world
?”. Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one
number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater
than another?
 A computer can solve a series of problems and make hundreds, even
thousands, of logical decisions without becoming tired or bored. It can find the
solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the
job. A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it has not
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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originality; it works according to the instructions given to it and cannot exercise
any value judgment. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a
mechanical ‘ brain’, but its achievements are limited by the minds of human
beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and
gives it the appropriate information; but because electric pulse can move at the
speed of light, a computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmetic- logical
operations almost instantaneously. A person can do everything a computer can
do, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was
finished.
* Vocabulary
intricate: phức tạp, rối rắm
circuit: mạch, mạch điện
switch: khóa ngắt, công tắc
magnet: nam châm
magnetize: làm nhiễm từ
core: lõi, nhân
to store: lưu trữ
to manipulate: xử lý
character: ký tự
to input: nhập vào, đưa vào
to process: xử lý, chế biến
instruction: lệnh, chỉ thị
data: dữ liệu, dữ kiện
memory: bộ nhớ
arithmetic: số học
minicomputer: máy tính mini
exponentiation: số mũ, sự nâng lên lũy thừa
originality: tính độc đáo, tính sáng tạo
microcomputer: máy vi tính
punch: đục lỗ, dùi lỗ
card: miếng bìa
punched card: bìa đục lỗ
disk: đĩa ( từ)
terminal: thiết bị đầu cuối
medium: giá mang tin
to output: đưa ra
printer: máy in
CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube): ống đèn tia âm cực
display screen: màn hình hiển thị
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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* Grammar notes
I/ The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we
want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or
that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
Khái niệm cơ bản về máy tính là ( rằng) chúng ta có thể khiến cho máy thực
hiện điều mà chúng ta muốn bằng cách đưa vào những tín hiệu, những tín hiệu
này bật một số công tắc lên và tắt một số công tắc khác hoặc những tín hiệu này
từ hoá hoặc không từ hoá các lõi.
“ That we can make the machine do”: là mệnh đề bổ ngữ (Predicate clause )
đứng sau động từ “ To be”:
Ví dụ : - The truth was that he never saw her:
Sự thật là anh ta chưa bao giờ trông thấy cô ta
- The trouble is that you get very little time:
Điều rắc rối là anh có rất ít thời gian
“ That turn contain switches on and turn others off ” là mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ
hạn định, trong đó “ That là đại từ quan hệ ( Relative pronoun)
Ví dụ: He that sows iniquity shall reap sorrơ
Kẻ gieo gió sẽ gặp bão
- Any students that wants to pass his examination must work hard.
Bất cứ sinh viên nào muốn thi đỗ đều phải cố gắng học tập
- “What we want” là mệnh đề phụ tân ngữ ( Objective clause)
Ví dụ: - I don’t know what you are talking about
Tôi không biết anh đang nói về cái gì
- I’ll do just what I say.
Tôi sẽ làm chính điều tôi nói
II/ Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers
Người ta nhận biết rằng máy tính có rất nhiều ưu thế nổi bật
Subjecttive Infinitive Construction ( Cấu trúc động từ nguyên dạng làm chủ
ngữ)
Ví dụ: - She was thought to be honest:- Người ta nghĩ rằng cô ta trung thực
- He was believed to have been murdered: - Người ta tin rằng nó đã bị ám sát
- He is said to be a good doctor: - Người ta nói rằng anh ta là một bác sĩ giỏi
Exercises:
1. Main ideas
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text? Why did you
eliminate the other choices?
1 Computers have changed the way in which many kinds of jobs are done.
2 Instructions and data must be given to the computer to act on
3 Computers are machines capable of processing and outputting data.
4 Without computers, many tasks would take much longer to do.
2. Understanding the passage
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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Decide whether the following statements are true or false ( T/F) by referring
to the information in the text. Then make the necessary changes so that the false
statements become true.
1. ..A computer can store or handle any data even if it hasn’t
received information to do so.
2. ..All computers accept and process information in the form of
instructions and characters.
3. ..The information necessary for the solving problems is found in
the memory of the computer.
4. ..Not all computers can perform arithmetic operations, make
decision, and communicate in some ways with the user.
5. ..Computers can still be useful machines even if they can’t
communicate with the user.
6. ..There are many different devices used for feeding information
into a computer
7. ..There aren’t as many different types of devices used for giving
results as there are for accepting information.
8. ..Computers can make any type of decision they are asked to
9. ..Computers can work endlessly without having to stop to rest
unless there is a breakdown.
3. Locating information
Find the passages in the text where the following ideas are expresses. Give
line references as in the example below.
1/ Computer accept information, perform mathematical and/or
logical operations then supply new information.
2/ All computers have three basic capabilities.
3/ A computer is machine that canbe made to operate by
receiving signals.
4/ A computer cannot work without being told what to do.
5/ A computer can make three types of decisions.
6/ The fundamental job of a computer is processing information.
7/ A computer can do the work of hundreds of people in a very
short time.
8/ The memory of a computer is used for storing information.
4. Content review
 Try to think of a definition for each of these items before checking them in
the Glossary. Then complete the following statements with the appropriate
words ( Some can be used more than once). Make sure you use the correct form,
i.e; singular or plural
Core device data
Circuit terminal switch
Program memory medium
CRT display
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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1. Every computer has circuit for performing arithmetic operations,
operating or magnetized
2. A with a screen is normally referred to as a unit
3. A computer is a that process information in the form
 of  and  and can store this information in a
4. Card readers, tape drives, or disk drives are different for
inputting information.
5. Translate in to English
Một máy tính điện tử là một máy xử lý thông tin. Máy tính xử lý
thông tin một cách tự động, nhanh và chính xác. Tuy nhiên máy tính không
thông minh. Để một máy tính có thể hoàn thành công việc nào đó, con người
phải cung cấpcho máy tính một tập hợp các chỉ thị, gọi là chương trình, để máy
tính theo đó mà làm việc. Dưới sự điều khiển của chương trình , máy tính tiếp
nhận dữ liệu qua thiết bị nhập, thực hiện các phép toán số học và logic trên dữ
liệu vào và thông qua thiết bị xuất, trả lại cho người sử dụng kết quả của những
phép xử lý này
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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Unit 2. CHARACTERISTICS
 Computers are machines designed to process electronically,
specially prepared pieces of information which are termed data. Handling or
manipulating the informations, adding information or making comparisions ia
called processing. Computers are made up of millions of electronic devices
capable of storing data or moving them, at enormous speed, through complex
circuits with different functions.
 All computers have several characteristics in common, regardless of
make or design. Information, in the form of instructions and data, is given to the
machine, after which the machine acts on it, and a result is then returned. The
information presented to the machine is the input; the internal manipulative
operations, the processing, and the result, the output. These three basic concepts
of input, processing and output occur in almost every aspect of human life
whether at work or at play. For example, in clothing manufacturing, the input is
the pieces of cut cloth, the processing is the sewing together of these pieces, and
the output is the finished garment.
Figure 2.1
 Figure 2.1 shows schematically the fundamental hardware
components in a computer system. The centerpiece is called either the computer,
the processor or usually, the central processing unit (CPU). The term “
computer” includes those parts of hardware in which calculations and other data
minipulations are performed, and the high-speed internal memory in which data
and calculations are stored during actual execution of programs. Attached to the
CPU are the various peripheral devices such as card readers and keyboards ( two
common examples of input devices). When data or programs need to be saved
for long priod of time, they are stored on various secondary memory devices or
storage devices such as magnetic tapes or magnetic disks.
 Computers have often been thought of as extremely large adding
machines, but this is a very narrow view of their functions. Although a computer
can only respond to a certain number of instructions, it is not a single-purpose
machine since these instructions can be combined in an infinite number of
Input comput
er
Output
SEC. storage
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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sequences. Therefore, a computer has no known limit on the kinds of things it
can do; its versatility is limited only by the imagination of those using it.
 In the late 1950s and early 1960s when electronic computers of the
kind in use today were being developed, they were very expensive to own and
run. Moreover their size and reliability were such that a large number of support
personnel were needed to keep the equipment operating. This has all changed
now that computing power has become portable, more compact, and cheaper.
 In only a very short period of time, computers have greatly changed the
way in which many kinds of work are performed. Computers can remove many
of the routine and boring tasks from our lives, thereby leaving us with more time
for interesting, creative work. It goes without saying that computers have
created whole new areas of work that did not exist before their development.
* Vocabulary:
Characteristic: đặc trưng
Design: thiết kế
Piece: miếng, mảnh, mẩu
Pieces of information: những khối thông tin
Term: từ, thuật ngữ
To term: gọi, đặt tên là
To handle: giải quyết, xử lý
To manipulate: thao tác, xử lý, tác động
In such way as: theo cách như là
To add: cộng
Comparison: sự so sánh
To be made up of: được tạo thành từ
Enormous: to lớn, rất lớn
In common: giống nhau, chung
Regardless of: không phụ thuộc vào, không liên quan đến
In the form of: dưới dạng
To act on: tác động lên
To present: trao cho, tặng, cung cấp cho
Input: thông tin nhập vào
Output: thông tin đưa ra
Concept: khái niệm, ý niệm
To occur: xảy ra, diễn ra
Aspect: khía cạnh, lĩnh vực
Clothing manufacturing: việc sản xuất quần áo
Finished: đã hoàn thành, đã làm  ... ặc đại từ và một phần từ dùng độc lập với bất kỳ
thành phần nào trong câu, nhưng nó có liên quan với câu về ý nghĩa. Đặc điểm
của cấu trúc này là chủ ngữ của động từ đã được chia trong câu phải khác với
chủ ngữ của phân từ. Cấu trúc này còn có tên gọi khác là ( absolute participial
construction: Cấu trúc tuyệt đối phân từ)
Ví dụ:
The sun having risen, the travaller went away from the hotel:
Mặt trời đã mọc, người du khách bèn rời khách sạn.
His master being absent, the business was neglected
Ông chủ của nó vắng nhà, công việc bị sao nhãng
The holiday being over, we must now get on with our studies
Ngày nghỉ đã qua, bây giờ chúng ta phải tiếp tục học tập
II. Most primary memory is costly, and therefore it is used transiently, which
means that a program, or parts of it, is kept in internal storage while the program
is being executed
Phần lớn bộ nhớ chính đắt tiền và do đó được sử dụng nhất thời, điều này có
nghĩa là chương trình, hay các phần của chương trình, được lưu giữ ở bộ nhớ
trong khi chương trình đang thực hiện
" Which " trong câu là đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho cả một câu, Tiếng
Việt thường dịch là" Điều mà, việc đó". Trong trường hợp này, trước " Which"
bao giờ cũng có dấu phẩy
Ví dụ:
- He could swim, which saved his life
Anh ta có thể bơi, điều đó đã cứu mạng anh ta
- He told me to shut the door, which I hard already done
Ông bảo tôi đóng cửa, việc đó tôi đã làm rồi
- If he comes, which is not likely, I'll tell him at once
Nếu ông ta đến, điều mà không có gì là chắc chắn, tôi sẽ bảo ông ấy ngay
* Exercise:
1. Main idea
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text?
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
- -41
.....................1. There are 2 types of memory: primary and secondary
.....................2. Primary memory is more important than secondary memory
.....................3. Secondary memory devices are unimportant in a computer system
2. Understanding the passage
Indicate whether the following ideas are stated or not stated ( S/NS) in
the text
1. .The term ' memory' can be expressed in other ways
2. .Cmputers are often advertised according to their memory
capacity.
3. .The CPU can easily eccess information from internal storage.
4. .................Minicomputers and microcomputers have a similar memory
capacity
5. .The control unit needs to know the location where information
is stored or needs to be stored.
6. .Primary memory is more expensive than secondary memory.
7. ..There are 2 types of secondary memory device.
8. .Information stored on magnetic disk can be retrieve faster than
if that same information were on tape.
9. .Disks and types can be stored in a library
10..Computers can process information even if complete programs
are not put in internal storage.
3. Locating information
Find the passages in the text where the following ideas are expresses.
Give line references.
1/ Speed and random access are important in processing
information
2/ Random-access are important in processing information.
3/ The CPU and primary memory work closely together.
....................4/ Virtual storage increases the memory capacity of a computer
5/ Real storage, internal storage, and primary memory are all the
same.
6/ Information is stored in memory in compartments with a
specific location
7/ There are 2 classes of secondary memory device.
.8/ Only parts of programs are kept in primary storage while a
program is being run through.
4. Contextual reference
Look back at the text and find out what the words in bold typeface refer to.
1. ............. It is also called(l.2)
2. ............. depending on their storage capacity(l.4)
3. ............. thus making them ( l.8)
4. ............. the former means that ( l. 10)
5. ............. where the storage locations( l.12)
6. ............. each having its own address ( l.13)
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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7. ............. in that they don't change ( l.14)
8. ............. where to find them ( l.15)
9. ............. whatever must go there ( l.16)
10. ........... or part of it ( l.20)
5. Word forms
First choose the appropriate form of the words to complete the
sentence. Then check the differences of meaning in your dictionary.
1. expression, expressive, express, expressed
a. Information sent via a computer is faster than using the.........................
system os airlines or postal services.
b. An ... such as " He or she has a computer for a brain" means that
he or she is a fast- thinking person.
c. Computers understand commands.in the form of 0 and 1
2. equality, equal, equally, equalize
a. The symbol # means that 2 thing are not......................
b. A microcomputer doesn't.. a microcomputer in flexibility.
c. The 2 computer languages Pascal and PL1 are.......difficult.
3. consideration, consider, considerable, considerably
a. There is a  difference between written and spoken English.
b. It is important to .. the capabilities and limitations of a
computer before buying one.
c. New printers can print results....................... faster than previously.
4. design, designed, designation, designer, designing
a. Due to the advances in computer technology, computer................. are
faced with a more challenging job.
b. Computers are . to process information accurately and quickly.
c. Computer architects are constantly trying to improve on the
......................of computers.
5. advertisement, advertise, advertised
a. There are many computer- related jobs................. in the New
York Times.
b. The Computer Center will soon................. for more operation and
programmers.
c. Career opportunities in computer science and relates fields can usually be
found in the.. section of newspapers..
6. Translate into English
Bộ nhớ trong là thiết bị đặc biệt để lưu trữ dữ liệu và chương trình.
Như ta đã biết, máy tính điện tử chỉ có thể xử lý thông tin theo chương trình một
khi cả dữ liệu và chương trình đã nằm trong bộ nhớ trong của máy tính. Bộ nhớ
trong của máy tính điện tử được chia thành 2 loại: Bộ nhớ truy nhập ngẫu nhiên,
gọi tắt là RAM, và bộ nhớ chỉ đọc, gọi tắt là ROM. Người sử dụng có thể đọc
thông tin từ RAM hoặc viết thông tin vào RAM, nhưng bộ nhớ RAM không lưu
trữ được thông tin lâu dài. Khi 1 chương trình đã nằm trong RAM đã thực hiện
xong thì 1 chương trình mới có thể được sao chép vào RAM, thay thế cho
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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chương trình cũ. Đối với dữ liệu cũng tương tự. RAM là nơi lưu trữ dữ liệu và
chương trình của người sử dụng
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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Unit 8. TYPE OF MEMORY
 As mentioned previously, one of the most important
characteristics of a computer is its capability of storing information in its
memory long enough to process it. Not all computers have the same type of
memory. In this section, three types of memory will be discussed: core memory,
semiconductor memory ( or chip ), and bubble memory
 The memory of the first computers was made up of a kind of
gird of fine vertical and horizontal wires. At each intersection where the wires
crossed, there was a small ferrite ring called a core ( hence the name “ core
memory”) which was capable of being either magnetized or demanetized. Every
intersection had its unique address; consequently, when an electrical current was
passed through the wires, the magnetized as well as the unmagnetized cores
were identified by their respective addresses. Each core represented a binary
digit of either 0 or 1 , depending on its state. Early computers had a capacity of
around 80,000 bits; whereas now, it is not surprising to hear about computers
with a memory capacity of millions of bits. This has been made possible by the
advent of transistors and by the advances in the manufacture of miniaturized
circuitry. As a result, mainframes have been reduced in both size and cost.
Throughout the 1950s, 1960, and up to the mid- 1970s, core memory dominared
the market, but it is now obsolete
 In the 1970s, there was a further development which revolutionized the
computer field. This was the ability to etch thousands of integrated circuits into
a inty piece ( chip) of silicon, which is a non- metallic element with
semiconductor characteristics. Chips have thousands of identical circuits, each
one capable of storing one bit. Because of the very small size of the chip, and
consequently of the circuits etched on it, electrical signals do not have to travel
far; hence, they are transmitted faster. Moreover, the size of the components
containing the circuitry can be considerably reduced, a step which has led to the
introduction of both minis and micros. As a result, computers have become
smaller, faster, and cheaper. There is one problem with semiconductor memory,
however: when power is removed, information in the memory is lost- unlike
core memory, which is capable of retaining information
during a powerful failture
 Another development in the field of computer memories is
bubble memory. The concept consists of creating a thin film of metallic alloys
over the memory board. When this film is magnetized, it produces magnetic
bubbles, the presence or absence of which represents one bit of information.
These bubblesb are extremely tiny, about 0.1 micrometer in diameter. Therefore,
a magnetic bubble memory can store information at a great density than existing
memories, which makes it small in size, and are highly reliable. There is
probably a lot more to learn about them, and research in this field continues
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
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* Vocabulary
Previous trước, trước đó
Bubble bong bóng, bọt, tăm
Bubble memory bộ nhớ bọt từ
Core lõi, nhân
Core memory bộ nhớ lõi từ
Grid lưới
Wire dây điện (kim loại)
Vertical đứng, thẳng đứng
Horizontal ngang, nằm ngang
Intersect cắt ngang, cắt chéo
Intersection sự cắt nhau, sự giao nhau
Ring nhẫn, vòng
To identify nhận dạng, nhận ra
Respective riêng từng người, tương ứng
Early sớm, ban đầu
Advent sự xuất hiện, sự ra đời
To dominate thống trị, chiếm phần lớn
To revolutionize cách mạng hóa
Element nguyên tố (hóa học), nhân tố
To consist of gồm có, bao gồm
Film màng, lớp màng mỏng phủ bên trên
Alloy hợp kim
Metallic thuộc kim loại
To consume tiêu thụ, dùng
* Grammar notes
I/ There was a small ferrite ring called a core which was capable of being either
magnetized or demagnetized
Có một vòng ferrit nhỏ gọi là lõi có khả năng hoặc là bị nhiễm từ hoặc là bị khử từ
1. To be capable of doing something: Có khả năng làm gì
Eg: - He is capable of running a mile in 4 minites
- He’s quite capable of lying to get out of trouble
2. Either or.
Either John or Alec will go with you
Either you or I am to do it
II/ Each core rerpresented a binary digit of either 0 or 1, depending on its state
“ Depending on” là phân tử I làm chức năng trạng ngữ chỉ tình huống kèm theo
Eg: - Gwendolen was silent, again looking at her hands
- Our teacher is standing at the blackboard, writing some new words
* Exercise
Ex 1: Main idea
Which statements don’t express the main idea of the text?
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
- -46
.1. Core memory was the first type of computer memory
developed
.2. There are at least three different kinds of memory used in
computers
.3. Bubble memory is the latest development in computer
memory
Ex 2: Understanding the passage: T/ F
....................... 1. The first important function of a computer is to hold
information in its memory in order to process it
....................... 2. Minicomputers, microcomputers, and mainframes all
have the same kind of memory
....................... 3. Semiconductor memory was developed before core
memory and after bubble memory
....................... 4. Core memory uses small metal rings which can be
magnetized or unmagnetized
....................... 5. The state of the core can be represented by either 0 or 1
....................... 6. Early computer memories had less storage capacity than
newer ones
....................... 7. A transistor and a chip are the same kind of device
....................... 8. The development of chips made it possible for
minicomputers and microcomputers to be invented
....................... 9. Bubble memory is smaller than a chip
....................... 10. Bubble memory doesn’t have very many advantages
Ex 3: Locating information
Find the passages in the text where the following ideas are expressed. Give the
line references.
....................... 1. First there is cory memory
....................... 2. Further to this development, chips evolved
....................... 3. There are three types of memory
....................... 4. This consist of producing a thin film over a memory board
....................... 5. Then semiconductor memory was developed
....................... 6. There is still a lot to learn about this process
....................... 7. This is made up of thin wires and rings
....................... 8. Finally, bubble memory was invented
Ex 4: Word form
1/ alteration, alter, altered
a. When a program doesn’t work properly,it is often necessary to
make..to it
b. The omission of data from a program can.its result drastically
c. The use of the computer in business has.the workload of
many people
2/ electricity, electric, electrical, electrically
a. A lot of. Is needed to operate large computer systems.
b. Alexander Graham Bell invented the .. light bulb.
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
- -47
c. Many students today are studying to becomeengineers
3/ reduction, reduce, reduced
a. The introduction of the computer in the workplace has the
workload of many people
b. There will probably be a great. in the consumption of oil in
the next decade due to the use of computer technology.
4/ creation, create, created, creative
a. A programmer usually has a .as well as a logical mind
b. It takes a lot of inspiration and hard work to come up with a
new..in computer technology
c. Computers have certainly.new opportunities for fraud.
Ex 5: Translate into English
Cũng như RAM, ROM là phần của bộ nhớ trong để lưu trữ thônh tin
nhưng khác với RAM, thông tin trong ROM được duy trì vĩnh viễn,chúng không
bị xoá đi ngay cả khi mất nguồn điện. Người sử dụng có thể đọc thông tin trong
ROM, nhưng không thể ghi thông tin mới vào hoặc sửa đổi thông tin tại đó.
Trong ROM lưu trữ các chương trình điều khiển các hoạt động cơ sở của máy
tính. Chúng được ghi vào đó ngay trong quá trình sản xuất bằng các công cụ
chuyên dụng. Trong qua trình làm việc hệ điều hành cũng như các chương trình
ứng dụng có thể truy cập tới ROM để sử dụng các chương trình cơ sở được lưu
trữ sẵn tại đó
English for informatics students
 By: Trịnh Thị Thu Hương
- -48
* REFERENCES
1. Nguyễn Tường Luân, Lê Đức Mẫn (1997), English for students of
informatics; Nhà xuất bản Hải Phòng
2. Raymond Murphy (1995) English grammar in use; Cambridge University
Press.
3. Glen dinning, E.and McEvan,J, (1999), Basic English for Computing, Oxford
University Press.